The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. Negotiations among the three Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece under a Bavarian prince. The decisions were ratified in the Treaty of Constantinople later that year. The treaty followed the Akkerman Convention which had previously recognized another territorial change in the Balkans, the suzerainty of the Principality of Serbia.
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👉 London Conference of 1832 in the context of Treaty of Constantinople (1832)
The Treaty of Constantinople signed on 21 July 1832 and was the product of the London Conference of 1832 which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. On 21 July 1832 British ambassador Sir Stratford Canning and the other representatives concluded the Treaty of Constantinople, which set the boundaries of the new Kingdom of Greece along the Arta–Volos line.
Under the Treaty of London signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and dealing with how the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority (while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £2,400,000 sterling), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta–Volos line as its northern frontier.
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London Conference of 1832 in the context of Otto of Greece
Otto I (Greek: Όθων, romanized: Óthon; German: Otto Friedrich Ludwig von Wittelsbach; 1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) was King of Greece from the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece on 7 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed in October 1862.
The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece at age 17. His government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. Upon reaching his majority, Otto removed the regents when they proved unpopular with the people, and he ruled as an absolute monarch. Eventually, his subjects' demands for a constitution proved overwhelming, and in the face of an armed (but bloodless) insurrection, Otto granted a constitution in 1843.
London Conference of 1832 in the context of Arta–Volos line
The Arta–Volos line (Greek: Γραμμή Άρτας - Βόλου) or Ambracian–Pagasetic line (Greek: Γραμμή Αμβρακικού - Παγασητικού) was the land border of the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire between 1832 and the Annexation of Thessaly in 1881. It was named after the two principal cities in proximity of the border on the Ottoman side, Arta and Volos, and the Ambracian Gulf and the Pagasetic Gulf between which it extended.
The border had been proposed by the Great Powers in the London Protocol of 1829 as the northern boundary of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, but when the full independence of Greece was agreed on in the London Protocol of 1830, the borders of the new state were reduced to the Aspropotamos–Spercheios line, only to be again expanded in the London Conference of 1832, which was confirmed by the Treaty of Constantinople (1832).