Lionel, Duke of Clarence in the context of "Duke of Clarence"

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⭐ Core Definition: Lionel, Duke of Clarence

Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (Norman: Leonell Duc de Clarence; 29 November 1338 – 17 October 1368), was an English prince, Earl of Ulster jure uxoris from 1347, Duke of Clarence from 1362, Guardian of England in 1345–46, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1361–66, Knight of the Garter from 1361, third son (second surviving) of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was named after his birthplace, at Antwerp in the Duchy of Brabant.

In 1355–60, Lionel took part in the Hundred Years' War with France and the Second War of Scottish Independence. After the Treaty of Brétigny, much of the Prince's later career was linked to Ireland. Through his first marriage to Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster, he inherited large holdings in Northern, Western and South-Western Ireland, as well as the title of Earl of Ulster. In 1361, Edward III appointed his son the royal lieutenant (viceroy) of Ireland, and in 1362 he created the title of Duke of Clarence for him, making Lionel the first among the Irish peers. The prince remained viceroy until 1366 (with two short breaks in 1364 and 1365, when he went to England). During this time, Lionel led several military campaigns on the island and adopted the Statutes of Kilkenny in February 1366, which became his most important legacy for the Irish government.

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Lionel, Duke of Clarence in the context of House of York

The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet that fought with the House of Lancaster, another cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet, for the English crown in the second half of the 15th century. The differences ultimately led to the Wars of the Roses. These wars are so named because both houses had roses in their coats of arms, the Yorks a white one and the Lancasters a red one.

Three of the members of the House of York became kings of England in the late 15th century: Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the House of Lancaster, it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture, but an inferior claim according to agnatic primogeniture. The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. It became extinct in the male line with the death of Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, in 1499.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← House of York ← Yorkists ← Yorkist
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Norman language → Earl of Ulster → Jure uxoris → Duke of Clarence → Lord Lieutenant of Ireland → Knight of the Garter → Edward III of England → Philippa of Hainault → Antwerp → Duchy of Brabant → Hundred Years' War → Kingdom of France → Second War of Scottish Independence → Treaty of Brétigny → Lordship of Ireland → Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster → Peerage of Ireland → Statutes of Kilkenny →