Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw ibn Kayqubād or Kaykhusraw II (Persian: غياث الدين كيخسرو بن كيقباد) was the sultan of the Seljuqs of Rûm from 1237 until his death in 1246. He ruled at the time of the Babai uprising and the Mongol invasion of Anatolia. He led the Seljuq army with its Christian allies at the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243. He was the last of the Seljuq sultans to wield any significant power and died as a vassal of the Mongols.
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👉 Kaykhusraw II in the context of List of Seljuk sultans of Rûm
The following is a list of the Seljuk Sultans of Rum, from 1077 to 1307. The sultans of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm were descended from Arslan Isra'il, son of the warlord Seljuk. The Seljuk Empire was founded by Chaghri and Tughril, sons of Arslan's brother Mikail ibn Seljuk.
- Suleiman I, son of Qutalmish, 1077–1086
- Abu'l Qasim (self-declared, Nicaea), appointed by Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, 1084 (Not a member of House of Seljuk)
- Kilij Arslan I, son of Suleiman ibn Kutalmish, 1092–1109
- Malik Shah, son of Kilij Arslan, 1109–1116
- Mesud I, son of Kilij Arslan, 1116–1156
- Kilij Arslan II, son of Mesud I, 1156–1192
- Kaykhusraw I, son of Kilij Arslan II, 1192–1197
- Suleiman II, son of Kilij Arslan II, 1197–1204
- Kilij Arslan III, son of Suleiman II, 1204–1205
- Kaykhusraw I (second rule), 1205–1211
- Kaykaus I, son of Kaykhusraw I, 1211–1220
- Kayqubad I, son of Kaykhusraw I, 1220–1237
- Kaykhusraw II, son of Kayqubad I, 1237–1246
- Kaykaus II, son of Kaykhusraw II (sole rule) 1246–1248
- Kaykaus II (joint rule), 1248–1259 (with Kilij Arslan IV, 1248–1259, with Kayqubad II, 1249–1257)
- Kilij Arslan IV, son of Kaykhusraw II (joint rule), 1248–1259 (with Kaykaus II, 1248–1259, with Kayqubad II, 1249–1257)
- Kayqubad II, son of Kaykhusraw II (joint rule), 1249–1257 (with Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV)
- Kilij Arslan IV (sole rule), 1259–1265
- Kaykhusraw III, son of Kilij Arslan IV, 1265–1282
- Mesud II, son of Kaykaus II, 1282–1284
- Kayqubad III, son of Faramurz (son of Kaykaus II), 1284
- Mesud II (second rule), 1284–1293
- Kayqubad III (second rule), 1293–1294
- Mesud II (third rule), 1294–1301
- Kayqubad III (third rule), 1301–1303
- Mesud II (fourth rule), 1303–1307
- Mesud III (1307-1308)
- Kilij Arslan V ( Claimant Sultan 1308-1318)
The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum dissolved into many Anatolian Beyliks, one of them being the future Ottoman Empire in 1307.
In this Dossier
Kaykhusraw II in the context of Battle of Köse Dağ
The Battle of Köse Dağ took place in eastern Anatolia on 26 June 1243 when an army of the Sultanate of Rum, led by Sultan Kaykhusraw II, confronted an invading Mongol army under the general Baiju and was decisively defeated. The battle was the pivotal event of the Mongol conquest of Anatolia: Rum, previously a significant independent power in the eastern Mediterranean, was reduced to the status of a client kingdom, and its territories were later absorbed into the Mongol Ilkhanate.
The Mongol Empire first achieved territorial contact with Rum in the early 1230s by conquering a large swathe of western Iran, but largely left it alone over the next decade. Instead, under their general Chormaqan, Mongol armies subjugated Transcaucasia and reduced the Kingdom of Georgia to a vassal state. Relations deteriorated after the accession of Kaykhusraw II to the Rum throne in 1237, and Mongol raids on Rum territory began in 1240. Two years later, Baiju, who had replaced Chormaqan after the latter became disabled, captured and pillaged the city of Erzurum, escalating hostilities into open war. He again invaded Rum in 1243, with an army of 30,000 Mongol troops accompanied by Georgian and Armenian auxiliaries.