Junker (Danish: Junker, German: Junker, Dutch: Jonkheer, English: Yunker, Norwegian: Junker, Swedish: Junker, Georgian: იუნკერი, Iunkeri) is a noble honorific, derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning 'young nobleman' or otherwise 'young lord' (derivation of jung and Herr). The term is traditionally used throughout the German-speaking and Scandinavian parts of Europe. It was also used in the Russian Empire due to Baltic German influence, up until the Russian Revolution. The term is currently still in use by the Georgian Defense Forces for student officers of the National Defence Academy.
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👉 Junker in the context of Puukkojunkkari
Puukkojunkkari (Swedish: knivjunkare, translated to English as knife-fighter; lit. 'knife junker') or häjy (lit. 'mean, wicked') was a term used of troublemakers who were active in the Southern Ostrobothnia region of Finland in the 19th century. Fights among puukkojunkkaris were common, and often resulted in death. Puukkojunkkaris usually made trouble at weddings, stole horses and roamed the towns and villages. They also participated in gambling and theft. The most notorious puukkojunkkaris lived in towns near the Lapuanjoki river, such as Alahärmä. The first homicides took place in the 1790s, but the infamous "golden age" of puukkojunkkaris lasted from the 1820s to the 1880s.
In this Dossier
Junker in the context of Landed aristocracy
Landed nobility or landed aristocracy is a category of nobility in the history of various countries, for which landownership was part of their noble privileges. The landed nobility show noblesse oblige, they have duty to fulfill their social responsibility. Their character depends on the country.
- The notion of landed gentry in the United Kingdom and Ireland varied over time.
- In Russian Empire landed nobles were called pomeshchiks, with the term literally translated as "estate owner".
- Junker is the landed nobility class of Prussia and eastern Germany.
- Landadel were the landed nobility of the Holy Roman Empire.
- In Poland, szlachta were usually landowners, with magnates being the class of the wealthiest szlachta. Middle and smaller landed szlachta was called ziemiaństwo/ziemianie (from the word ziemia, land), usually translated as landed gentry.
- In some places, e.g., in Low Countries before Spanish rule, urban nobility with landed estates was distinct from landed nobility. In general, relations between landed nobility and towns was very complex in Europe.
Junker in the context of Prince of Bismarck
Prince of Bismarck (German: Fürst von Bismarck) is a title of the German nobility. The German word Fürst historically denotes a sovereign ruler, and is a higher title than Prinz; however both titles are conventionally rendered as Prince in English. The Prince of Bismarck holds the style of Serene Highness.
The title was created in 1871 for the statesman Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), who received several noble titles during the course of his career. Born into a noble Junker family (the House of Bismarck), he began life as simply "Mister (German: Herr) Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck".