The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
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👉 JAXA in the context of List of government space agencies
Government space agencies, established by the governments of countries and regional agencies (groupings of countries) are established as a means for advocating for engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies with a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities.
The objectives include national prestige, exploitation of remote sensing information, communications, education, and economic development. These agencies tend to be civil in nature (vs military) and serve to advance the benefits of exploitation and/or exploration of space. They span the spectrum from old organizations with small budgets to mature national or regional enterprises such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the European Space Agency (ESA) which coordinates for more than 20 constituent countries, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities (Roscosmos) of Russia, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
In this Dossier
- ⭐ Core Definition: JAXA
- 👉 JAXA in the context of List of government space agencies
- JAXA in the context of International Space Station
- JAXA in the context of Kibō (ISS module)
- JAXA in the context of Japanese National Research and Development Agencies
- JAXA in the context of Satoshi Furukawa
- JAXA in the context of GCOM
JAXA in the context of International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada). As the largest space station ever constructed, it primarily serves as a platform for conducting scientific experiments in microgravity and studying the space environment.
The station is divided into two main sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS), developed by Roscosmos, and the US Orbital Segment (USOS), built by NASA, ESA, JAXA, and CSA. A striking feature of the ISS is the Integrated Truss Structure, which connect the station's vast system of solar panels and radiators to its pressurized modules. These modules support diverse functions, including scientific research, crew habitation, storage, spacecraft control, and airlock operations. The ISS has eight docking and berthing ports for visiting spacecraft. The station orbits the Earth at an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 miles) and circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.
JAXA in the context of Kibō (ISS module)
Kibō (Japanese: きぼう; lit. 'Hope'), also known as the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. The third and final components were launched on STS-127.
JAXA in the context of Japanese National Research and Development Agencies
The Japanese government has established National Research and Development Agencies (Japanese: 国立研究開発法人, romanized: Kokuritsu Kenkyū Kaihatsu Hōjin) that fall under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- RIKEN
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)
- National Institute of Genetics (NIG)
- National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB)
- National Institute of Informatics (NII)
- National Institute of Public Health (NIPH)
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM)
- National Cancer Center (NCC)
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID)
- National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS)
- National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN)
JAXA in the context of Satoshi Furukawa
Satoshi Furukawa (古川 聡, Furukawa Satoshi; born April 4, 1964) is a Japanese surgeon and JAXA astronaut. Furukawa was assigned to the International Space Station as a flight engineer on long-duration missions Expedition 28/29 (2011) and Expedition 69/70 (2023-2024).
JAXA in the context of GCOM
GCOM (Global Change Observation Mission), is a JAXA project of long-term observation of Earth environmental changes. As a part of Japan's contributions to GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems), GCOM will be continued for 10 to 15 years with observation and utilization of global geophysical data such as precipitation, snow, water vapor, aerosol, for climate change prediction, water management, and food security. On May 18, 2012, the first satellite "GCOM-W" (nickname "Shizuku") was launched. On December 23, 2017, the second satellite "GCOM-C1" (nickname "Shikisai") was launched.