Levantine archaeology is the archaeological study of the Levant, a region encompassing the modern areas of Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and sometimes Cyprus. The field examines the material cultures of both the Northern and Southern Levant from prehistory through late antiquity. While older scholarship was dominated by biblical archaeology, Levantine archaeology in the 21st century has relegated biblical concerns to a less dominant position, functioning as a "big tent" incorporating multiple archaeological practices. The Levant has displayed cultural continuity during most historical periods, leading to the increased study of the region as a whole. Besides its importance to biblical archaeology, the Levant is highly important when forming an understanding of the history of the earliest peoples of the Stone Age.
Current archaeological digs in Israel are carried out by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), and in the areas governed by the Palestinian Authority (PA), by its Ministry of Tourism and Antiquity, working under the auspices of the IAA. The Palestinian Authority prohibits unrestricted excavation at sites of archaeological importance. There are equivalent and similarly named authorities in Jordan and in Cyprus, a Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums in Syria and a department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey).