Iranian folklore encompasses the folk traditions that have evolved in Greater Iran.
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👉 Iranian folklore in the context of Nazar (amulet)
A naẓar (from Arabic نَظَر [ˈnaðˤar], meaning 'sight', 'surveillance', 'attention', and other related concepts), or an eye bead, is an eye-shaped amulet believed to protect against the evil eye. The term is also used in Azerbaijani, Bengali, Hebrew, Hindi–Urdu, Kurdish, Pashto, Persian, Punjabi, Turkish, and other languages. In Turkey, it is known by the name nazar boncuğu (the latter word being a derivative of boncuk, "bead" in Turkic, and the former borrowed from Arabic), in Greece it is known as máti (μάτι, 'eye'). In Persian and Afghan folklore, it is called a cheshm nazar (Persian: چشم نظر) or nazar qurbāni (نظرقربانی). In India and Pakistan, the Hindi-Urdu slogan chashm-e-baddoor (چشم بدور, '[may the evil] eye keep away') is used to ward off the evil eye. In the Indian subcontinent, the phrase nazar lag gai is used to indicate that one has been affected by the evil eye.
The nazar was added to Unicode as U+1F9FF 🧿 NAZAR AMULET in 2018.
In this Dossier
Iranian folklore in the context of Rustam
Rostam or Rustam (Persian: رستم [rosˈtæm]) is an Iranian legendary hero in Persian mythology, the son of Zāl and Rudaba, whose life and work was immortalized by the 10th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi in the Shahnameh, or Epic of Kings, which contains pre-Islamic Iranian folklore and history. However, the roots of the narrative date much earlier.
In the Shahnameh, Rostam and his predecessors are Marzbans of Sistan (present-day Iran and Afghanistan). Rostam is best known for his tragic fight with Esfandiyār, the other legendary Iranian hero; for his expedition to Mazandaran (not to be confused with the modern Mazandaran Province). He is also known for the story of his Seven Labours.
Iranian folklore in the context of Kayanian dynasty
The Kayanians, also rendered Kiani, were an ancient dynasty of Iranian legend. Originating from the ancient Avestan term for "warrior poet", the Kiani are the union of wisdom and power, and represent Iranian identity at its most militant and self-conscious.
The founding dynasty that preceded them, the Pishdadians, represented a Primordial Age where mankind itself was first emerging. By contrast, the Kiani mark the beginning of the Iranian Heroic Cycle--mythopoetic in nature, but believed by scholars to represent a genuine collective memory of real, living ancient Iranians.