IRNSS in the context of "Encryption"

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⭐ Core Definition: IRNSS

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC (acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation; also, nāvik 'sailor' or 'navigator' in Indian languages), is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services. It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km (930 mi) around it, with plans for further extension up to 3,000 km (1,900 mi). An extended service area lies between the primary service area and a rectangle area enclosed by the 30th parallel south to the 50th parallel north and the 30th meridian east to the 130th meridian east, 1,500–6,000 km (930–3,730 mi) beyond borders where some of the NavIC satellites are visible but the position is not always computable with assured accuracy. The system currently consists of a constellation of eight satellites, with two additional satellites on ground as stand-by.

The constellation is in orbit as of 2018. NavIC will provide two levels of service, the "standard positioning service", which will be open for civilian use, and a "restricted service" (an encrypted one) for authorised users (including the military).

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IRNSS in the context of Satellite navigation

Satellite navigation (satnav) or satellite positioning is the use of artificial satellites for navigation or geopositioning. A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides coverage for any user on Earth, including air, land, and sea. There are four operational GNSS systems: the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and the European Union's Galileo. Furthermore, there are two regional navigation satellite systems (RNSS) in the form of Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS, also known as NavIC).

A satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) is a system that is designed to enhance the accuracy of the global GNSS systems. The SBAS systems include Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), India's GAGAN, and the European EGNOS, all of them based on GPS.

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IRNSS in the context of S band

The S band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4 gigahertz (GHz). Thus it crosses the conventional boundary between the UHF and SHF bands at 3.0 GHz. The S band is used by airport surveillance radar for air traffic control, weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellites, particularly satellites used by NASA to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. The 10 cm radar short-band ranges roughly from 1.55 to 5.2 GHz. India's regional satellite navigation network (IRNSS) broadcasts on 2.483778 to 2.500278 GHz.

The S band also contains the 2.4–2.483 GHz ISM band, widely used for low power unlicensed microwave devices such as cordless phones, wireless headphones (Bluetooth), garage door openers, keyless vehicle locks, baby monitors as well as for medical diathermy machines and microwave ovens (typically at 2.495 GHz). One of its largest uses is 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless networks, allowing smartphones, laptops, printers and TVs to connect to the internet without cables.

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