Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Sneevliet, known as Henk Sneevliet or by the pseudonym "Maring" (13 May 1883 – 13 April 1942), was a Dutch communist politician who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. As a functionary of the Communist International, Sneevliet guided the formation of both the Communist Party of Indonesia in 1914, and the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. In his native country, he was the founder, chairman, and only Representative for the Revolutionary Socialist (Workers') Party (RSP/RSAP). He took part in the communist resistance against the occupation of the Netherlands during World War II by Nazi Germany, for which he was executed by the Germans in April 1942.
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👉 Henk Sneevliet in the context of 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Guangzhou at 31 Xuguyuan Road between 12 June and 20 June 1923. It succeeded the 2nd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and preceded the 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. The congress was attended by 40 representatives across China and Moscow representing 420 party members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The congress was hosted by Chen Duxiu, with participation from Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao, Tan Pingshan, Cai Hesen, Chen Tanqiu, Luo Zhanglong, and Henk Sneevliet (representing the Comintern). Sneevilet briefed congress regarding the inquiries by the Comintern related to the cooperation between the CCP and Kuomintang. The congress held elections to appoint members in the 3rd Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and drafted resolutions of the 3rd Congress.
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Henk Sneevliet in the context of Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International
The Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International was an organ of the Communist International (Comintern) established in 1920 to develop their political influence in the Far East. The name was used in subsequent years, but the continuity of the organization cannot be proven.
The organization was originally founded as the Far Eastern Bureau of the Russian Communist Party, when the central committee of that organization sent Vladimir Vilensky-Sibiryakov to Siberia as plenipotentiary for Far Eastern Affairs. Grigori Voitinsky was sent to the Republic of China in 1920, where he undertook the preparatory work for the formation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In June 1921, Vladimir Neumann and Henk Sneevliet arrived in Shanghai and urged Li Da to convene a national-level meeting to form a communist party, which Li did. Both Comintern representatives attended the CCP's founding meeting in July 1921.