In music history, the Neapolitan School is a group, associated with opera, of 17th and 18th-century composers who studied or worked in Naples, Italy, the best known of whom is Alessandro Scarlatti, with whom "modern opera begins". Francesco Provenzale is generally considered the school's founder. Other significant composers of this school are Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Niccolò Piccinni, Domenico Cimarosa and Giovanni Paisiello. It also addressed other musical genres, particularly the oratorio and the concerto.
The Neapolitan School has been considered in between the Roman School and the Venetian School in importance.