Dushanbe in the context of "Hisor"

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is its capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east and is narrowly separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of more than 10.7 million people.

The territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the Oxus civilisation in west, with the Indo-Iranians arriving during the Andronovo culture. Parts of country were part of the Sogdian and Bactrian civilisations, and was ruled by those including the Achaemenids, Alexander the Great, the Greco-Bactrians, the Kushans, the Kidarites and Hephthalites, the First Turkic Khaganate, the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, the Samanid Empire, the Kara-Khanids, Seljuks, Khwarazmians, the Mongols, Timurids and Khanate of Bukhara. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union on 5 December 1929.

The Tajikistan National Museum of Antiquities (Russian: Национальный музей древностей Таджикистана, romanized: Natsionalʹnyy muzey drevnostey Tadzhikistana; Tajik: Осорхонаи миллии бостоншиносии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Osorkhonai millii bostonshinosii Tojikiston) is a museum in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. It is particularly famous for its murals from Penjikent.

Yaghnobi is an Eastern Iranian language spoken in the upper valley of the Yaghnob River in the Zarafshan area of Tajikistan by the Yaghnobi people. It is considered to be a direct descendant of Sogdian and has sometimes been called Neo-Sogdian in academic literature. There are some 12,500 Yaghnobi speakers, divided into several communities. The principal group lives in the Zafarobod area. There are also resettlers in the Yaghnob Valley. Some communities live in the villages of Zumand and Kůkteppa and in Dushanbe or its vicinity.

Most Yaghnobi speakers are bilingual in Tajik, a dialect of Persian. Yaghnobi is mostly used for daily family communication, and Tajik is used by Yaghnobi-speakers for business and formal transactions. A Russian ethnographer was told by nearby Tajiks, long hostile to the Yaghnobis, who were late to adopt Islam, that the Yaghnobis used their language as a "secret" mode of communication to confuse the Tajiks. The account led to the assumption by some that Yaghnobi or some derivative of it was used as a secret code.

The Three Pashas (Ottoman Turkish: اوچ پاشالر, Turkish: Üç Paşalar), also known as the Young Turk triumvirate or CUP triumvirate, were the dominant political and military figures who effectively ruled the Ottoman Empire after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état and the subsequent assassination of Mahmud Shevket Pasha. It consisted of Mehmed Talaat Pasha, the Grand Vizier (prime minister) and Minister of the Interior; Ismail Enver Pasha, the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief to the Sultan; and Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the Minister of the Navy and governor-general of Syria.

The Three Pashas were all members of the Central Committee of the Committee of Union and Progress, a political movement that had begun with reformist ideals but by the 1910s had become an autocratic and nationalist ruling faction. The trio were largely responsible for the Empire's entry into World War I in 1914 on the side of the Central Powers and also largely responsible for the genocide of some one million Armenians. The Turkish public has widely criticized the Three Pashas for drawing the Ottoman Empire into World War I and its subsequent defeat. All three met violent deaths after the war—Talaat and Cemal were assassinated by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation as part of Operation Nemesis, whilst Enver died leading the Basmachi Revolt near Dushanbe, present-day Tajikistan.

Hisar (also Gissar, Gisar, Hissar, or Hisor) Valley in Tajikistan runs east–west along the southern slopes of Hisar Range and on the northern border of Khatlon Province. It is about 100 km long and up to 20 km wide in the middle, stretching from Vahdat district in the east to Tursunzoda district on the border with Uzbekistan in the west, with the capital Dushanbe and Hisar district at its center. The elevations in the valley range from 700 meters (2,300 ft) to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft). The valley is irrigated by Kofarnihon River in its upper and middle course. Warm temperatures (29 °C in the summer, 0 °C to – 1 °C in the winter) and abundant water for irrigation make the Hisar Valley one of the prime cotton growing areas in Tajikistan.

Hulbuk (Tajik: Ҳулбук), formerly Vose' (Восеъ), Poytug (Пойтуғ) is the capital of the Vose' District of the Khatlon Region, Tajikistan. It had an estimated population of 24,500 as of 2020. It is located in the southern portion of Tajikistan 26 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Kulob and 174 km (108 mi) south of Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan.

Administratively, Tajikistan is divided into:

• one autonomous region (Russian: автономная область; Tajik: вилояти мухтор, romanized: viloyati mukhtor)
• two regions (Tajik: вилоятҳо, romanized: viloyatho, Persian: ولایت‌ها), sing. viloyat, Persian: ولایت, Russian: область/вилоят, romanized: oblast)
• the districts under republic subordination
• the capital city, Dushanbe.