Difference (mathematics) in the context of "Plus sign"

In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation. In arithmetic, the remainder is the integer "left over" after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient (integer division). In algebra of polynomials, the remainder is the polynomial "left over" after dividing one polynomial by another. The modulo operation is the operation that produces such a remainder when given a dividend and divisor.

Alternatively, a remainder is also what is left after subtracting one number from another, although this is more precisely called the difference. This usage can be found in some elementary textbooks; colloquially it is replaced by the expression "the rest" as in "Give me two dollars back and keep the rest." However, the term "remainder" is still used in this sense when a function is approximated by a series expansion, where the error expression ("the rest") is referred to as the remainder term.

The fractional part or decimal part of a non‐negative real number ${\displaystyle x}$ is the excess beyond that number's integer part. The latter is defined as the largest integer not greater than x, called floor of x or ${\displaystyle \lfloor x\rfloor }$. Then, the fractional part can be formulated as a difference:

The fractional part of logarithms, specifically, is also known as the mantissa; by contrast with the mantissa, the integral part of a logarithm is called its characteristic. The word mantissa was introduced by Henry Briggs.

A percentage point or percent point is the description for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). In written text, the unit (the percentage point) is usually either written out, or abbreviated as pp, p.p., or %pt. to avoid confusion with percentage increase or decrease in the actual quantity. After the first occurrence, some writers abbreviate by using just "point" or "points".