David Friedrich Strauss (/straʊs/; German: Strauß [ˈdaːvɪt ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ʃtʁaʊs]; 27 January 1808 – 8 February 1874) was a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the "historical Jesus", whose divine nature he explored via myth. Strauss conceived of myths as expressions of truths, as opposed to the modern shorthand of myth for "falsity"- Strauss did not deny Jesus' divine nature. His work was connected to the Tübingen School, which revolutionized study of the New Testament, early Christianity, and ancient religions. Strauss was a pioneer in the historical investigation of Jesus.
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👉 David Strauss in the context of Young Hegelians
The Young Hegelians (German: Junghegelianer), later known as the Left Hegelians (German: Linkshegelianer), were a group of German intellectuals who were active from the late 1830s to the mid-1840s. Their thought represented a radicalization of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's philosophy, moving from the analysis of religion to critiques of politics and society that laid the groundwork for socialism and Marxism. A central feature of their work was a critique of what they saw as the intertwined religious, philosophical, and political dogmas of "personalism". The collapse of Hegelian philosophy in the face of political and social realities led the Young Hegelians to formulate the first modern theory of ideology—the idea that abstract thought functions as a justification for or compensation for a deficient social reality.
Centered at the University of Berlin, the group initially focused on theological questions, galvanized by David Strauss's controversial book The Life of Jesus (1835), which treated the Gospels as mythological expressions of the early Christian community's consciousness rather than as historical fact. This led to a split in the Hegelian school between the conservative "Right Hegelians" who defended the compatibility of Hegel's philosophy with orthodox Christianity and the radical "Young Hegelians" who drew increasingly atheistic and anti-religious conclusions.
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David Strauss in the context of Tübinger Stift
The Tübinger Stift (German: [ˈtyːbɪŋɐ ˈʃtɪft] ) is a hall of residence and teaching; it is owned and supported by the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg, and located in the university city of Tübingen, in South West Germany. The Stift was founded as an Augustinian monastery in the Middle Ages. After the Reformation, in 1536, Duke Ulrich turned the Stift into a seminary which served to prepare Protestant pastors for Württemberg. To this day the scholarship is still given to students in preparation for the ministry or teaching in Baden-Württemberg. Students receive a scholarship which consists of boarding, lodging and further academic support.
Some of the well known "Stiftlers" are the astronomer Johannes Kepler and his associate, statesman Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, the poet Friedrich Hölderlin who had as roommates the philosophers G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Schelling (although the latter was five years their junior), the theologians David Friedrich Strauß, Johann Albrecht Bengel, Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, Ferdinand Christian Baur and Eberhard Nestle, and the philologist August Pauly.