Chuvash language in the context of "Oghur languages"

Bulgar (also known as Bulghar, Bolgar, or Bolghar) is the extinct Oghur Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars.

The name is derived from the Bulgars, a tribal association that established the Bulgar state known as Old Great Bulgaria in the mid-7th century, giving rise to the Danubian Bulgaria by the 680s. While the language initially went extinct in Danubian Bulgaria (in favour of Old Bulgarian), it persisted in Volga Bulgaria, but even there it was eventually replaced by the modern Chuvash language. Other than Chuvash, Bulgar is the only language to be definitively classified as an Oghur Turkic language.

Proto-Turkic is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Turkic languages that was spoken by the Proto-Turks before their divergence into the various Turkic peoples. Proto-Turkic separated into Oghur (western) and Common Turkic (eastern) branches. Candidates for the Proto-Turkic homeland range from western Central Asia to Manchuria, with most scholars agreeing that their migrations started from the eastern part of the Central Asian steppe, while one author has postulated that Proto-Turkic originated 2,500 years ago in East Asia.

The oldest records of a Turkic language, the Old Turkic Orkhon inscriptions of the 7th century Göktürk khaganate, already show characteristics of Eastern Common Turkic. For a long time, the reconstruction of Proto-Turkic relied on comparisons of Old Turkic with early sources of the Western Common Turkic branches, such as Oghuz and Kypchak, as well as the Western Oghur proper (Bulgar, Chuvash, Khazar). Because early attestation of these non-easternmost languages is much sparser, reconstruction of Proto-Turkic still rests fundamentally on the easternmost Old Turkic of the Göktürks, however it now also includes a more comprehensive analysis of all written and spoken forms of the language.

The Chuvash people (Chuvash: чӑвашсем, romanized: çăvaşsem, pronounced [tɕəˈʋaʃsem]; Russian: чуваши, romanized: čuvaši, pronounced [tɕʊˈvaʂɨ]), also called Chuvash Tatars, are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of the Oğurs, inhabiting an area stretching from the Idel-Ural region to Siberia.

Most of them live in the Russian republic of Chuvashia and the surrounding area, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout Russia as well as in Central Asia. They speak Chuvash, a Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are Eastern Orthodox Christians although a minority follow Vattisen Yaly or Sunni Islam.

A with breve (Ӑ ӑ; italics: Ӑ ӑ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It may be a homoglyph of the Latin letter A with breve (Ă ă Ă ă) unless the typeface distinguishes between the Latin and Cyrillic breve.

It is used in the Chuvash and in both Eastern Khanty and Northern Khanty alphabets. It appears in some Nenets dictionaries as well.

Ye with breve (Ӗ ӗ; italics: Ӗ ӗ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In Unicode, this letter is called "Ie with breve".

Ye with breve is used only in the Chuvash language and Albanian language + Cyrillic (Shqip) to represent the close-mid central unrounded vowel /ɘ/, and mid central vowel /ə/.