Chiron in the context of "Dolops"

In Greek mythology, Achilles (/əˈkɪliːz/ ə-KIL-eez) or Achilleus (Ancient Greek: Ἀχιλλεύς, romanized: Achilleús) was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors. The central character in Homer's Iliad, he was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia and famous Argonaut. Achilles was raised in Phthia along with his childhood companion Patroclus and received his education by the centaur Chiron. In the Iliad, he is presented as the commander of the mythical tribe of the Myrmidons.

Achilles's most notable feat during the Trojan War was the slaying of the Trojan prince Hector outside the gates of Troy. Although the death of Achilles is not presented in the Iliad, other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the Trojan War by Paris, who shot him with an arrow. Later legends (beginning with Statius's unfinished epic Achilleid, written in the first century CE) state that Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for one heel. According to that myth, when his mother Thetis dipped him in the river Styx as an infant, she held him by one of his heels, leaving it untouched by the waters and thus his only vulnerable body part.

The Achilleid (/ˌækɪˈliːɪd/; Latin: Achillēis) is an unfinished epic poem by Publius Papinius Statius that was intended to present the life of Achilles from his youth to his death at Troy. Only about one and a half books (1,127 dactylic hexameters) were completed before the poet's death. What remains is an account of the hero's early life with the centaur Chiron, and an episode in which his mother, Thetis, disguised him as a girl on the island of Scyros, before he joined the Greek expedition against Troy.

In Greek mythology, the name Melanippe (Ancient Greek: Μελανίππη, romanized: Melaníppē, lit. 'black mare') referred to several different people:

• Melanippe, daughter of the Centaur Chiron. Also known as Hippe or Euippe. She bore a daughter to Aeolus, Melanippe or Arne (see below). She escaped to Mount Pelion so that her father would not find out that she was pregnant, but, being searched for, she prayed to Artemis asking for assistance, and the goddess transformed her into a mare. Other accounts state that the transformation was a punishment for her having scorned Artemis, or for having divulged the secrets of gods. She was later placed among the stars.
• Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus and the precedent Melanippe (or else daughter of Hippotes or of Desmontes).
• Melanippe, a Aetolian princess as the daughter of King Oeneus of Calydon and Althaea, daughter of King Thestius of Pleuron. As one of the Meleagrids, she was turned into a guinea fowl by Artemis after the death of her brother, Meleager.
• Melanippe, an Amazon, sister of Hippolyta, Penthesilea and Antiope, daughter of Ares. Heracles captured her and demanded Hippolyte's girdle in exchange for her freedom. Hippolyte complied and Heracles let her go. Some say that it was Melanippe whom Theseus abducted and married. Yet others relate that she was killed by Telamon.
• Melanippe, wife of Hippotes, son of Mimas, himself son of Aeolus, and the mother of another Aeolus.
• Melanippe, a nymph who married Itonus, son of Amphictyon.
• Melanippe, possible wife of King Chalcodon of Euboea and mother of Elephenor.
• Melanippe, an emendation for "Medippe" (name of one of the sacrificial victims of Minotaur) in Servius' commentaries on Aeneid.

In Greek mythology, Hippe (/ˈhɪpi/; Ancient Greek: Ἵππη; English translation: "mare (horse)"), also known as Melanippe (/mɛləˈnɪpi/; Μελανίππη) or Euippe (/juːˈɪpi/; Εὐίππη), was the daughter of the Centaur Chiron and Chariclo. She was seduced by Aeolus and bore a daughter, Melanippe or Arne, but was ashamed to tell her father. Artemis took pity on her and, according to one account, turned her into the constellation Pegasus originally called the Horse.

Euippe /ˌjuːˈɪpi/ or Evippe /iːˈvɪpi/ (Ancient Greek: Εὐίππη, romanized: Euíppē, lit. 'good mare') is the name of eight women in Greek mythology:

• Euippe, a daughter of Danaus and the naiad Polyxo. She married (and murdered) Imbrus, son of Aegyptus and Caliadne.
• Euippe, another daughter of Danaus, this time by an Ethiopian woman. She married either Argius, son of Aegyptus and a Phoenician woman, or Agenor, son of Aegyptus.
• Euippe, another name for Hippe, daughter of Chiron.
• Euippe of Paionia, the mother, by Pierus, of the Pierides, nine sisters who challenged the Muses and, on their defeat, were turned into magpies.
• Euippe (daughter of Tyrimmas). She bore Odysseus a son, Euryalus, who was later mistakenly slain by his father.
• Euippe, daughter of Leucon. She bore Andreus a son, Eteocles, king of Orchomenus (not to be confused with Eteocles, son of Oedipus).
• Euippe, daughter of Daunus, the king of a people in Italy. She was loved by Alaenus, half-brother of Diomedes.
• Euippe, mother of Meriones by Molus. Hyginus referred to her by a different name, which survives in a corrupt form, *Melphis.

In Greek mythology, Arne (/ˈɑːrniː/; Ancient Greek: Ἄρνη), also called Melanippe or Antiopa, was the daughter of Aeolus and Melanippe (also Hippe or Euippe), daughter of Chiron.

The linothorax (/ˈliːnoʊθɔːræks/, from the Ancient Greek: λινοθώραξ, Ancient Greek: [linotʰɔ̌ːraːks]) is a type of upper body armor that was used throughout the ancient Mediterranean world. The term linothorax is a modern term based on the Greek λινοθώραξ, which means "wearing a breastplate of linen"; a number of ancient Greek and Latin texts from the 6th century BC to the third century AD mention θώρακες λίνεοι (thorakes lineoi) (Greek) or loricae linteae (Latin) which means 'linen body armour'. These are usually equated with some of the armour shown in sculptures and paintings from Italy and Greece from 575 BC onwards. Very little is known about how ancient linen armour was made. Linen armour in other cultures was usually quilted and stuffed with loose fibre or stitched together many layers thick, but it could also have been made with a special weave called twining which creates a thick, tough fabric. The theory that it was made of layers of linen glued together comes from a mistranslation of a summary of a description of medieval armour in 1869.

By the late 6th century BC, many paintings and sculptures show hoplites and other warriors in the Aegean wearing the linothorax instead of a bronze cuirass. This could have been due to the lower price, lesser weight, or cooler material. Artists continue to show it in the Hellenistic period after the death of Alexander the Great. The Roman emperor Caracalla equipped a "Macedonian phalanx" with linen armour around 200 AD (Cassius Dio 78.7).

Stilbe (/ˈstɪlbiː/; Ancient Greek: Στίλβη, Stílbē, "glittering", "gleaming") in Greek mythology may refer to the following personages:

• Stilbe, mother of Callisto by Ceteus.
• Stilbe, a nymph, daughter of the river god Peneus and the Naiad Creusa. She bore Apollo twin sons, Centaurus, ancestor of the Centaurs, and Lapithus, ancestor of the Lapiths. In another version of the myth, Centaurus was instead the son of Ixion and Nephele. Aineus, father of Cyzicus, was also said to have been a son of Apollo and Stilbe. By Cychreus, she became mother of the nymph Chariclo, wife of Chiron.
• Stilbe, daughter of Eosphoros and a possible mother of Autolycus by Hermes.

Chariclo (/kəˈrɪkloʊ/ or /ˈkærɪkloʊ/; Ancient Greek: Χαρικλώ, romanized: Khariklṓ) is either of two nymphs in Greek mythology:

• Chariclo, a nymph who was married to the centaur Chiron and became the mother of Hippe, Endeïs, Ocyrhoe, and Carystus. According to a scholium on Pindar, she was the daughter of either Apollo, Perses or Oceanus. Chariclo together with her mother-in-law Philyra the Oceanid, were the nurses of the young Achilles.
• Chariclo, a nymph devotee of Athena, who became pregnant by a shepherd, Everes, giving birth to the prophet Tiresias. Tiresias was struck blind by Athena after seeing her naked. Chariclo begged Athena to give Tiresias his sight back, but the goddess could not undo her curse. She gave him the gift of prophecy instead.