China Manned Space Program in the context of "Space transport"

⭐ In the context of space transport, the China Manned Space Program (Shenzhou) is considered a component of what broader historical development?

Ad spacer

⭐ Core Definition: China Manned Space Program

The China Manned Space Program (CMS; Chinese: 中国载人航天工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zàirén Hángtiān Gōngchéng), also known as Project 921 (Chinese: 九二一工程; pinyin: Jiǔèryī Gōngchéng) is a space program developed by the People's Republic of China and run by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) under the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission, designed to develop and enhance human spaceflight capabilities for China. It was approved on 21 September 1992 and has been in operation ever since. The CMS commander and director are currently Xu Xueqiang and Zhou Jianping respectively; the latter has held this position since 2006, after taking over from Wang Yongzhi, who served as the first director from 1992 to 2006.

As one of the most complex programs within the Chinese space agency, CMS was split into "three steps":

↓ Menu

>>>PUT SHARE BUTTONS HERE<<<

👉 China Manned Space Program in the context of Space transport

Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflights operate either by telerobotic or autonomous control. The first spaceflights began in the 1950s with the launches of the Soviet Sputnik satellites and American Explorer and Vanguard missions. Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz, Shenzhou, the past Apollo Moon landing and the Space Shuttle programs. Other current spaceflight are conducted to the International Space Station and to China's Tiangong Space Station.

Spaceflights include the launches of Earth observation and telecommunications satellites, interplanetary missions, the rendezvouses and dockings with space stations, and crewed spaceflights on scientific or tourist missions.

↓ Explore More Topics
In this Dossier

China Manned Space Program in the context of Tiangong Space Station

The Tiangong space station (Chinese: 天宫空间站; pinyin: Tiāngōng kōngjiānzhàn; lit. 'Heavenly Palace space station'), is a permanently crewed space station constructed by China and operated by China Manned Space Agency. Tiangong is a modular design, with modules docked together while in low Earth orbit, between 340 and 450 km (210 and 280 mi) above the surface. It is China's first long-term space station, part of the Tiangong program and the core of the "Third Step" of the China Manned Space Program; it has a pressurised volume of 340 m (12,000 cu ft), slightly over one third the size of the International Space Station. The space station aims to provide opportunities for space-based experiments and a platform for building capacity for scientific and technological innovation.

The construction of the station is based on the experience gained from its precursors, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. The first module, the Tianhe core module, was launched on 29 April 2021. This was followed by multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and the addition of two laboratory modules. The first, Wentian, launched on 24 July 2022; the second, Mengtian, launched on 31 October 2022.

↑ Return to Menu

China Manned Space Program in the context of Feitian space suit

The Feitian space suit (Chinese: 飞天航天服; pinyin: Fēitiān Hángtiān Fù) is an extravehicular space suit design developed and used by the China Manned Space Program. It provides life support, environmental protection, and communications for taikonauts during extravehicular activity (EVA).

The earliest Feitian space suit was used on Shenzhou 7, worn by taikonaut Zhai Zhigang during China's first-ever spacewalk on 27 September 2008. An improved version of the Feitian space suit is used aboard the Tiangong space station, with the first EVA using the updated version being on Shenzhou 12's first EVA, on 4 July 2021.

↑ Return to Menu

China Manned Space Program in the context of China Manned Space Agency

China Manned Space Agency (abbreviated as CMSA) is a government agency of China responsible for the administration of China Manned Space Program, the Chinese human spaceflight program. The agency is under the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission.

↑ Return to Menu

China Manned Space Program in the context of Zhou Jianping

Zhou Jianping (Chinese: 周建平; pinyin: Zhōu Jiànpíng; born January 13, 1957) is a Chinese aerospace engineer who is the chief designer of China Manned Space Program. He belongs to the 3rd generation of Chinese space engineers. He was a member of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

↑ Return to Menu

China Manned Space Program in the context of Tiangong program

The Tiangong program (Chinese: 天宫空间站工程; pinyin: Tiāngōng kōngjiānzhàn gōngchéng) is China's space program to create a modular space station, comparable to Mir. This program is independent and unconnected to any other international space-active countries. The program is part of the China Manned Space Program that began in 1992. The core module of the Tiangong space station, the Tianhe ("Harmony of the Heavens") was finally launched on 29 April 2021 marking the start of the Tiangong Space program deployment.

China launched its first space laboratory, Tiangong-1, on 29 September 2011. Following Tiangong-1, a more advanced space laboratory complete with cargo spacecraft, dubbed Tiangong-2, was launched on 15 September 2016. The first module of the 12 part new series of Tiangong space station launched on 29 April 2021.

↑ Return to Menu

China Manned Space Program in the context of Tianhe core module

Tianhe (Chinese: 天和; pinyin: Tiānhé; lit. 'Harmony of the Heavens'), officially the Tianhe core module (Chinese: 天和核心舱), is the first module to launch of the Tiangong space station. It was launched into orbit on 29 April 2021, as the first launch of the final phase of Tiangong program, part of the China Manned Space Program (Project 921).

Tianhe follows the earlier Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 space laboratories. It is the first module of a third-generation Chinese modular space station. Other examples of modular stations include the Soviet/Russian Mir and the International Space Station. Operations will be controlled from the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.

↑ Return to Menu