The chief governor was the senior official in the Dublin Castle administration, which maintained English and British rule in Ireland from the 1170s to 1922. The chief governor was the viceroy of the English monarch (and later the British monarch) and presided over the Privy Council of Ireland. In some periods he was in effective charge of the administration, subject only to the monarch; in others he was a figurehead and power was wielded by others.
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π Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (UK: /lΙfΛtΙnΙnt/), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541β1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801β1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the Viceroy, and his wife was known as the vicereine. The government of Ireland in practice was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
In this Dossier
- β Core Definition: Chief governor of Ireland
- π Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
- Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Lord of Ireland
- Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
- Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Irish Privy Council
Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Lord of Ireland
The Lordship of Ireland (Irish: Tiarnas na hΓireann), sometimes referred to retrospectively as Anglo-Norman Ireland, was the part of Ireland ruled by the King of England (styled as "Lord of Ireland") and controlled by loyal Anglo-Norman Lords between 1177 and 1542. The lordship was created following the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169β1171. It was a papal fief, granted to the Plantagenet kings of England by the Holy See, via Laudabiliter. As the Lord of Ireland was also the King of England, he was represented locally by a governor, variously known as the Justiciar, Lieutenant, Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy.
The kings of England claimed lordship over the whole island, but in reality the king's rule only ever extended to parts of the island. The rest of the island β referred to subsequently as Gaelic Ireland β remained under the control of various Gaelic Irish kingdoms or chiefdoms, who were often at war with the Anglo-Normans.
Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (English: /dΙΛbΙΛr/ dΙ-BUR, French: [dΙbuΚ]; c.β1170 β before 5 May 1243) was an English nobleman who served as Chief Justiciar of England (1215β1232) and Justiciar of Ireland (1232) during the reigns of King John and his son and successor King Henry III and, as Regent of England (1219β1227) during Henry's minority, was one of the most influential and powerful men in English politics in the thirteenth century.
Chief governor of Ireland in the context of Irish Privy Council
His or Her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, commonly called the Privy Council of Ireland, Irish Privy Council, or in earlier centuries the Irish Council, was the institution within the Dublin Castle administration which exercised formal executive power in conjunction with the chief governor of Ireland, who was viceroy of the British monarch. The council evolved in the Lordship of Ireland on the model of the Privy Council of England; as the English council advised the king in person, so the Irish council advised the viceroy, who in medieval times was a powerful Lord Deputy. In the early modern period the council gained more influence at the expense of the viceroy, but in the 18th century lost influence to the Parliament of Ireland. In the post-1800 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Irish Privy Council and viceroy Lord Lieutenant had formal and ceremonial power, while policy formulation rested with a Chief Secretary directly answerable to the British cabinet. The council comprised senior public servants, judges, and parliamentarians, and eminent men appointed for knowledge of public affairs or as a civic honour.