Chamber of Deputies (Italy) in the context of "Giorgio Napolitano"

The Italian Parliament (Italian: Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members (senatori a vita). The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (with 400 members or deputati elected on a national basis), as well as the Senate of the Republic (with 200 members or senatori elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of senators for life or senatori a vita, either appointed by the President of the Republic or former Presidents themselves, ex officio).

The two Houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by the Constitution of Italy. By the Constitution, the two houses of the Italian Parliament possess the same powers, unlike in most parliamentary systems. Perfect bicameralism has been codified in its current form since the adoption of the Albertine Statute, and resurged after the overthrow of the fascist dictatorship of the 1920s and 1930s. No distinction is made between deputies and senators, notwithstanding that a member of parliament cannot be at the same time both a senator and a deputy; regarding presidents and vice-presidents, the precedence is given to the older one.

The Senate of the Republic (Italian: Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate (Italian: Senato [seˈnaːto]), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, the lower house being the Chamber of Deputies. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately.

Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the Senate has 200 elective members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies, and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. Furthermore, a small number (currently 5) serve as senators for life (senatori a vita), either appointed or ex officio. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as Senato del Regno (Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the Senato Subalpino (Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled Senator or The Honourable Senator (Italian: Onorevole Senatore) and they meet at Palazzo Madama, Rome.

Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (Italian: [ˈɔskar luˈiːdʒi ˈskalfaro]; 9 September 1918 – 29 January 2012) was an Italian politician who served as President of Italy from 1992 to 1999. A member of Christian Democracy (DC), he became an independent politician after the DC's dissolution in 1992, and was close to the centre-left Democratic Party when it was founded in 2007. Before his election to the Presidency, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Turin for 44 years from 1948 to 1992.

The Italian order of precedence is fixed by Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers (D.P.C.M.) of April 14, 2006 and of April 16, 2008. It is a hierarchy of officials in the Italian Republic used to direct protocol. The President, being head of state, is first, and the Prime Minister (President of the Council of Ministers), the head of government, is fourth.

1. The President of the Republic (Sergio Mattarella)
2. (Cardinals and princes of reigning dynasties - these officers cannot preside over the ceremony)
3. The President of the Senate of the Republic (Ignazio La Russa)
4. The President of the Chamber of Deputies (Lorenzo Fontana)
5. The President of the Council of Ministers (Prime-Minister) (Giorgia Meloni)
6. The President of the Constitutional Court (Giovanni Amoroso)
7. Former President of the Republic (None living)
8. Vice Presidents of the Senate of the Republic
   1. Anna Rossomando
   2. Gian Marco Centinaio
   3. Maria Domenica Castellone
   4. Licia Ronzulli
9. Vice Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies
   1. Sergio Costa
   2. Fabio Rampelli
   3. Giorgio Mulé
   4. Anna Ascani
10. Vice Presidents of the Council of Ministers
    1. Antonio Tajani
    2. Matteo Salvini
11. Vice Presidents of the Constitutional Court
    1. Franco Modugno
    2. Giulio Prosperetti
12. Ministers of the Republic
13. Judges of the Constitutional Court
14. Presidents of Regions
15. The First President of the Supreme Court of Cassation (Margherita Cassano)
16. The President of the National Council for Economics and Labour (Renato Brunetta)
17. Deputy Ministers of the Republic
18. Quaestors of the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, in order of seniority
19. Presidents of Parliamentary Commissions
20. The President of the Council of State (Luigi Maruotti)
21. The President of the Court of Accounts (Guido Carlino)
22. The Governor of the Central Bank of Italy (Fabio Panetta)
23. The General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of Cassation (Luigi Salvato)
24. The Attorney General of the Republic (Gabriella Palmieri Sandulli)
25. The Chief of the Defence Staff
26. Senators and Deputies, in order of appointment
27. The President of the Accademia dei Lincei (Roberto Antonelli)
28. The President of the National Research Council (Maria Chiara Carrozza)
29. The President of the Superior Court of Public Waters
30. The Vice President of the Council of Military Courts
31. The Vice President of the High Council of the Judiciary
32. The Presidents of the Autonomous Provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol
33. The Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Cassation
34. Prefects, in their provinces
35. Mayors, in their cities
36. Presidents and General Prosecutors of the Court of Appeals
37. Presidents of Provinces, in their cities
38. Catholic Bishops, in their dioceses
39. The Chief of the Army Staff (Amm. Giuseppe Cavo Dragone)
40. The Chief of the Navy Staff (Amm. Sq. Enrico Credendino)
41. The Chief of the Air Staff (Gen. S.A. Luca Goretti)
42. The President of the Permanent conference of Rectors (Dr. Giovanna Iannantuoni, PhD)
43. Ambassadors, in order of establishment of diplomatic relations with their countries

The president of the Chamber of Deputies (Italian: presidente della Camera dei deputati) is the speaker of the lower house of the Italian Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. It is the third highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic, after the president of the Republic and the president of the Senate. Since 14 October 2022, the role has been held by Lorenzo Fontana.

Italy has recognised civil unions since 5 June 2016, providing same-sex couples with almost all of the legal protections, benefits and rights of marriage. A bill to this effect was approved by the Senate on 25 February 2016 and by the Chamber of Deputies on 11 May. It was signed into law by President Sergio Mattarella on 20 May, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale the next day and took effect on 5 June 2016. The law does not grant same-sex couples joint adoption rights or access to in vitro fertilisation. Before this, several regions had supported a national law on civil unions and some municipalities passed laws providing for civil unions, though the rights conferred by these unions varied from place to place.

Italy remains one of the last countries in Western Europe not to have legalized same-sex marriage. Polling suggests that a majority of Italians support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.

General elections were held in Italy on 24 and 25 February 2013 to determine the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 17th Italian Parliament. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good, led by the Democratic Party (PD), obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies thanks to a majority bonus that effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force and narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi in the popular vote. Close behind, the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force, well ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament.

In April 2013 a grand coalition was formed, consisting of Italy Common Good, the Berlusconi coalition and the centrists. Berlusconi and his allies withdrew support of the coalition and formed a new Forza Italia six months later, which meant that the PD dominated the government coalition until the 2018 Italian general election.