Chaeronea (English: /ˌkɛrəˈniːə/ Greek: Χαιρώνεια Chaironeia, Ancient Greek: [kʰai̯rɔ̌ːneːa]) is a village and a former municipality in Boeotia, Greece, located about 35 kilometers east of Delphi. The settlement was formerly known as Kópraina (Κόπραινα), and renamed to Chairóneia (Χαιρώνεια) in 1916. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Livadeia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 111.445 km, the community is 26.995 km. Population 993 (2021). It is located near Mount Thourion in the Cephissus river valley, NW of Thebes.
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👉 Chaeronea in the context of Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)
The Battle of Chaereonea was fought in 338 BC, near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia, between Macedonia under Philip II and an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes. The battle was the culmination of Philip's final campaigns in 339–338 BC and resulted in a decisive victory for the Macedonians and their allies.
Philip had brought peace to a war-torn Greece in 346 BC by ending the Third Sacred War and separately concluding his ten-year conflict with Athens for supremacy in the north Aegean with the Peace of Philocrates. Philip's much-expanded kingdom, powerful army and plentiful resources then made him the de facto leader of Greece. To many of the fiercely independent city-states, Philip's power after 346 BC was perceived as a threat, especially in Athens, where the politician Demosthenes led efforts to break away from Philip's influence. In 340 BC Demosthenes convinced the Athenian assembly to sanction action against Philip's territories and to ally with the Achaemenids in Byzantium, which Philip was besieging. These actions were against the terms of their treaty oaths and amounted to a declaration of war. In summer 339 BC, Philip therefore led his army towards South Greece, prompting the formation of an alliance of a few southern Greek states opposed to him, led by Athens and Thebes.
In this Dossier
Chaeronea in the context of Moralia
The Moralia (Latin for "Morals", "Customs" or "Mores"; Ancient Greek: Ἠθικά, Ethiká) is a set of essays ascribed to the 1st-century scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea. The eclectic collection contains 78 essays and transcribed speeches. They provide insights into Roman and Greek life, but they also include timeless observations. Many generations of Europeans have read or imitated them, including Michel de Montaigne, Renaissance Humanists and Enlightenment philosophers.
Chaeronea in the context of Mount Thourion
Mount Thourion or Thurium Mons was the name of a conical hill in Ancient Greece. A temple to the cult of the Muses may have been situated here.
The location of the hill was gradually forgotten and was rediscovered in February 1990 by an archaeologist and four graduate students from the University of California, Berkeley.In Plutarch's “Life of Sulla”, the hill is noted as having been the site of a monument to two townsmen of Chaeronea named Homoloichos and Anaxidamos, for their assistance to Sulla during the Battle of Chaeronea. The two showed Sulla's troops a back way up Thourion, enabling them to surprise the invading Pontic soldiers.
Chaeronea in the context of Battle of Chaeronea (86 BC)
The Battle of Chaeronea was fought by the Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Mithridates' general, Archelaus, near Chaeronea, in Boeotia, in 86 BC during the First Mithridatic War. The battle ended with a complete rout of the Pontic army and a decisive victory for the Romans.
Chaeronea in the context of Thero (Greek mythology)
In Greek mythology, the name Thero (Ancient Greek: Θηρώ means "feral, beastly") may refer to:
- Thero, reputed nurse of Ares. Local inhabitants of Therapne in Sparta believed that Theriates, a surname of Ares, had been derived from her name. Pausanias remarks that outside Therapne, Thero was completely unknown to the Greeks, and supposes that this mythological figure could have been of Colchian origin, considering the fact that the statue of Ares Theriates was believed to have been brought from Colchis by the Dioscuri.
- Thero, daughter of Phylas and Leipephilene, and sister of Hippotes. She was said to have been beautiful as the moonbeams. Falling in love with Apollo, Thero became the mother of Chaeron, eponym of Chaeronea.
- Thero, a follower of Artemis.