Norte de Santander (Spanish for Northern Santander) (Spanish pronunciation: [ËnoÉŸte Ă°e santanËdeÉŸ]) is a department of northeastern Colombia. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. Its capital is CĂșcuta, one of the country's major cities.
Norte de Santander is bordered by Venezuela to the east and north, by Santander Department and BoyacĂĄ Department to the south, and by Santander Department and Cesar Department to the west.
The Caribbean region of Colombia or Colombian Caribbean is the northern, coastal region of Colombia located contiguous to the Caribbean. It is mainly composed of 8 departments. It is the second most populated region in the country after the Andean Region with approximately 11 million residents according to the Colombian Census 2018. The area covers a total land area of 110,000 km (42,000 sq mi), including the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina in the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean region coast extends from the Gulf of UrabĂĄ to the Gulf of Venezuela. Straddling the coast are Colombia's two main Atlantic port cities of Barranquilla and Cartagena. The administration of the region is covered by eight department governments: AtlĂĄntico, BolĂvar, Cesar, Sucre, CĂłrdoba, Magdalena, La Guajira and San AndrĂ©s and Providencia. These eight departments also cover approximately 182 municipalities according to the 2018 Census by DANE Colombia. Most of its inhabitants speak a dialect of Caribbean Spanish with variations within its subregions.
Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanËdeÉŸ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, BoyacĂĄ to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Tairona or Tayrona was a Pre-Columbian culture of Colombia, which consisted in a group of chiefdoms in the region of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in present-day Cesar, Magdalena and La Guajira Departments of Colombia, South America, which goes back at least to the 1st century AD and had significant demographic growth around the 11th century.
The Tairona people formed one of the two principal linguistic groups of the Chibchan family, the other being the Muisca. Genetic and archaeological evidence shows a relatively dense occupation of the region by at least 200 BC. Pollen data compiled by Luisa Fernanda Herrera in 1980 shows considerable deforestation and the use of cultigens such as yuca and maize since possibly 1200 BC. However, occupation of the Colombian Caribbean coast by sedentary or semi-sedentary populations has been documented to have occurred by c. 4000 BC.