The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (Ukrainian: Українська Центральна Рада, romanized: Ukrainska Tsentralna Rada), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the All-Ukrainian National Congress (19–21 April 1917), the Council became the revolutionary parliament in the interbellum lasting until the Ukrainian-Soviet War. Unlike with many other councils in the Russian Republic, Bolshevization of the Rada failed completely, prompting the Ukrainian Bolsheviks to form a rival government in Kharkov.
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👉 Central Rada in the context of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, also known as the Bread Peace (German: Brotfrieden) or Peace of Brest (Ukrainian: Берестейський мир, romanized: Beresteiskyi myr, "Berestian Peace"), was signed on 9 February 1918 between the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria). It ended Ukraine's involvement in World War I and saw the Central Powers recognise the UPR's sovereignty. The treaty, which followed the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917, was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). The Bread Peace fixed the Austro-Hungarian–Ukrainian border on the line of 1914 and made provision for a joint commission to determine the border with Poland. The Central Powers secured grain and other goods from the UPR in return for providing military assistance against the Bolsheviks.
While various negotiators at Brest-Litovsk were seeking to establish a general peace, the Austro-Hungarian delegation was in desperate need of getting access to Ukrainian foodstuffs to address a disastrous famine unfolding amongst its military and civilian population, choosing to sign a separate peace first with the Ukrainian People's Republic delegation, sent from the Central Rada in Kiev (modern Kyiv). The peace delegation from Soviet Russia, led by Leon Trotsky, did not recognise the UPR delegation, instead recognising a delegation from the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets based in Kharkov (modern Kharkiv). Polish representatives from Congress Poland and Austrian Galicia also objected to several terms in the treaty (particularly the concession of Kholm Governorate to Ukraine), and the fact that the Central Powers chose to conclude a separate peace with Ukraine rather than working out a general peace treaty. As a result, negotiations between the other parties broke down on 10 February, and it would take until 3 March 1918 until the Central Powers and Soviet Russia concluded their own separate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The fact that Austria-Hungary justified recognising Ukrainian independence on the basis of national self-determination also had the unintended consequence of stimulating nationalist separatism amongst the ethnic minorities within its own borders, speeding up the dissolution of Austria-Hungary within the following nine months.
In this Dossier
- ⭐ Core Definition: Central Rada
- 👉 Central Rada in the context of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- Central Rada in the context of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Central Rada in the context of First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
- Central Rada in the context of Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
- Central Rada in the context of Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
Central Rada in the context of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Ukrainian: Національна академія наук України, romanized: Natsionalna akademiia nauk Ukrainy, pronounced [nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnɐ ɐkɐˈdɛmijɐ nɐˈuk ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr. NAN Ukrainy) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country. It is the main research oriented organization along with the five other academies in Ukraine specialized in various scientific disciplines. NAS Ukraine consists of numerous departments, sections, research institutes, scientific centers and various other supporting scientific organizations.
The Academy reports on the annual basis to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The presidium of the academy is located at Volodymyrska Street, 54, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum, which was used to host the Central Council during the independence period of 1917-18.
Central Rada in the context of First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
The First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council) (Ukrainian: Перший Універсал Української Центральної Ради, romanized: Pershyi Universal Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady) is a state-political act, the universal of the Central Rada (Council) of Ukraine, which proclaimed the autonomy of Ukraine. Accepted 23 June [O.S. 10 June] 1917 in Kyiv. The full name is "the Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada to the Ukrainian people, in Ukraine and beyond Ukraine".
Central Rada in the context of Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
The Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council) (Ukrainian: Третій Універсал Української Центральної Ради, romanized: Tretii Universal Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady) is a state-political act, universal of the Central Rada (Council) of Ukraine, proclaiming the formation of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR). Accepted 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1917 in November in Kyiv.
Central Rada in the context of Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council
The Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council) (Ukrainian: Четвертий Універсал Української Центральної Ради, romanized: Chetvertyi Universal Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady) is a significant state-political declaration that proclaimed the full state independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic. It was enacted by the Lower Council (Committee) of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council) in Kyiv on 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1918. Its issuance followed the commencement of peace negotiations between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Central Powers in Brest-Litovsk (now in Brest, Belarus).