State Route 12 (SR 12) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels in an east–west direction from SR 116 in Sebastopol in Sonoma County to SR 49 just north of San Andreas in Calaveras County. The route connects the Sonoma and Napa valleys with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and the Sierra Foothills. It is constructed to freeway standards from the Fulton Road/South Wright Road stoplight in Santa Rosa, to its partial interchange with Farmers Lane (also in Santa Rosa).
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California State Route 12 in the context of San Joaquin County, California
San Joaquin County (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: San Joaquín, meaning "St. Joachim"), officially the County of San Joaquin, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 779,233. The county seat is Stockton.
San Joaquin County comprises the Stockton–Lodi–Tracy metropolitan statistical area within the regional San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland combined statistical area. The county is located in Northern California's Central Valley just east of the very highly populated nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region. It is separated from the East Bay partly by the Diablo Range, through which there is road and rail access to Alameda County via the Altamont Pass, and partly by the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, through which there are links to Contra Costa County via road, rail, and shipping, and to Solano County via road. One of the smaller counties by area in California, it has a high population density and is growing rapidly due to overflow from the Bay Area.
California State Route 12 in the context of El Camino Real (California)
El Camino Real (Spanish; literally The Royal Road, sometimes translated as The King's Highway) is a 600-mile (965-kilometer) commemorative route connecting the 21 Spanish missions in California (formerly the region Alta California in the Spanish Empire) from Mission San Diego de Alcalá in San Diego to Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma, along with a number of sub-missions, four presidios, and three pueblos. The route is historically associated with a network of royal roads (caminos reales) used by inhabitants of New Spain. The modern commemorative route in the U.S. state of California is named after these roads, and is officially defined in the California Streets and Highways Code to run along various roads from Interstate 5 at the Mexican border to State Route 12 in Sonoma.
During the period of Spanish rule, there was no single road constructed by the Spanish to connect the missions, with most of the network of royal roads following historic Native American trading routes. These various caminos reales covered much of what is today California, but with no single special route designated to link the missions. The name was revived in the American era in connection with the boosterism associated with the Mission Revival movement of the early 20th century. Streets throughout California bear the "El Camino Real" name. The route has been continually upgraded and is decorated with commemorative bell markers.