Black Ruthenia in the context of "White Ruthenia"

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👉 Black Ruthenia in the context of White Ruthenia

White Ruthenia (Belarusian: Белая Русь, romanizedBiełaja Ruś; Polish: Ruś Biała; Russian: Белая Русь, romanizedBelaya Rus'; Ukrainian: Біла Русь, romanizedBila Ruś; Yiddish: רייסן, romanizedRaysn) is one of the historical divisions of Kievan Rus' according to the color scheme, which also includes Black and Red Ruthenia. In the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period, the name White Ruthenia was characterized by instability, designating a number of different regions on the territory of modern Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. It is recorded mainly in Western European sources, starting from the middle of the 13th century.

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Black Ruthenia in the context of Traidenis

Traidenis (died 1282) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1269 or 1270 until 1282. He is the second most prominent grand duke of Lithuania in the 13th century after Mindaugas. His reign ended a seven-year unrest period after King Mindaugas was assassinated in 1263 and firmly established Lithuania as a pagan state for another hundred years.

Traidenis expanded the Grand Duchy into the territories of Sudovians and Semigalians and strengthened its presence in Black Ruthenia. Unlike Mindaugas, Traidenis did not concentrate on expansion into the east.

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