Bektashism in the context of "Islam in Kosovo"

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⭐ Core Definition: Bektashism

Bektashism (Turkish: Bektaşîlik, Albanian: Bektashi) is a Sufi order of Islam that evolved in 13th-century western Anatolia and became widespread in the Ottoman Empire. It is named after the walī (saint) Haji Bektash Veli, with adherents called Bektashis. Origins of Haji Bektash's teachings can be traced back to the scholar Ahmad Yasawi of Turkestan. Highest title in Bektashi chain of succession is Dedebaba, followed by Halifebaba and Baba.

The Bektashi Order of Tirana is currently led by Baba Mondi, recognized as the eighth Dedebaba, whose seat is at the order’s headquarters in Tirana, Albania. However, Bektashi Order of Tirana is not recognized by Turkish Bektashis, specifying that Bektashi principles require Dedebaba to be in Anatolia, and the Albanian chain of succession never had Dedebabate.

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👉 Bektashism in the context of Islam in Kosovo

Islam in Kosovo has a long-standing tradition dating back to the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. Before the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the entire Balkan region had been Christianized by both the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. From 1389 until 1912, Kosovo was officially governed by the Muslim Ottoman Empire and a high level of Islamization occurred among Catholic and Orthodox Albanians, mainly due to Sufi orders and socio-political opportunism. Both Christian and Muslim Albanians intermarried and some lived as "Laramans", also known as Crypto-Christians. During the time period after World War II, Kosovo was ruled by secular socialist authorities in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). During that period, Kosovars became increasingly secularized. After the end of the communist period, religion had a revival in Kosovo. Today, 95.6% of Kosovo's population are Sunni Muslims, most of whom are ethnic Albanians. There are also non-Albanian speaking Muslims, who define themselves as Bosniaks, Gorani and Turks.

Islam in Kosovo is predominantly Hanafi Sunni, the most widespread tradition in the Balkans. Additionally, Kosovo has Sufi orders, particularly the Bektashi order, which blends elements of Shia and Sufi traditions. Other Sufi brotherhoods, such as the Halveti and Kadiri orders, also exist. According to a 2012 study by the Pew Research Center, 58% of muslims in Kosovo are non-denominational Muslims, which is practicing Islam without strict adherence to a particular sect or school of thought.

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Bektashism in the context of Albanians in Italy

The Albanians in Italy (Italian: Albanesi in Italia; Albanian: Shqiptarët në Itali) refers to the Albanian migrants in Italy and their descendants. They mostly trace their origins to Albania, Greece and since recently to a lesser extent to Kosovo, North Macedonia and other Albanian-speaking territories in the Balkan Peninsula. As of 2019, there were 441,027 Albanian citizens living in Italy, one of the largest Albanian immigrant population in any country as well as the second largest immigrant group within Italy. They are adherents of different religions and are Catholics, Orthodox, Protestants, Sunnis and Bektashis as well as various forms of Irreligion. Between 2008 and 2020 more than 250,000 Albanians acquired Italian citizenship.

The Albanians in Italy may include among others a long established Arbëreshë population in Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily and across Southern Italy as well as Albanians to have migrated to Italy from any territory with an Albanian population in the Balkans and any person originally from the Republic of Albania. Together with Albanians in Italy were the Aromanians/Vlachs who were considered "brothers" by Albanians.

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Bektashism in the context of Khamr

Khamr (Arabic: خمر) is an Arabic word for wine or intoxicant. In Islamic context, is variously defined as alcoholic beverages, wine or liquor. The position of alcohol in Islam is a complex subject in terms of its historical implementation and nuanced scholarly interpretation. While the "dominant belief" among Muslims is that consumption of alcohol in any form is forbidden, and in addition selling, transporting, serving, etc. alcohol is also a sin, there are some disagreements; for example, the Hanafi school interprets khamr to mean only certain specified beverages, rather than all intoxicants. According to Murtaza Haider of Dawn, "A consensus (ijma) on how to deal with alcohol has eluded Muslim jurists for more than a millennium".

How khamr in Islam is defined varies by the school of jurisprudence (madhhab). Most Islamic jurists have traditionally viewed it as general term for any fermented intoxicating beverage, though one school (Hanafi) has limited it to alcohol derived from dates and grapes. Over time, other intoxicants, such as opium and khat, have been classed by jurists as khamr. A minority of Muslims do drink and believe consuming alcohol is not Qur'anically forbidden. Among Alawites, an esoteric sect of Islam, Sufi Bektashis, and Alevis, the consumption of alcohol is permissable. The punishment for consumption of alcohol is disagreed upon; some believe that any punishment for consuming alcohol is un-Islamic, while others believe it is flogging, though legal scholars disagree over whether the number of lashes should be 40 or 80.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Albanians in Italy ← Islam in Kosovo ← Khamr
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Turkish language → Albanian language → Tariqa → Anatolia → Ottoman Empire → Wali → Haji Bektash Veli → Ahmad Yasawi → Turkestan → Bektashism in Albania → Baba Mondi → Bektashi Dedebabate → World Headquarters of the Bektashi → Tirana → Albania →