Amr ibn Hisham in the context of "Polytheist"

The Mushrikites (Arabic: الْمُشْرِكِين, romanized: al-Mushrikīn or Arabic: الْمُشْرِكُون, romanized: al-Mushrikūn, singular Arabic: مُشْرِك, romanized: mushrik) were the Arab polytheists that opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers, the Muslims, in the early 7th century. Their leaders were mostly from the Quraysh, but others also belonged to the Qays.

After Muhammad's declaration of prophethood, the Mushrikites harassed members of the nascent Muslim community and were led by Amr ibn Hisham ("Abu Jahl"). Following the increase of tensions between the Mushrik and the Muslims, Muhammad and his companions (ṣaḥāba) migrated to the neighboring city of Medina, where the Islamic prophet was offered sovereignty over the city. An Islamic state was formed in Medina, which received vehement opposition from the Mushrikites, and subsequently, both parties fought at the Battle of Badr in 624, resulting in a defeat.

Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hasim ibn Abd Manaf al-Qurayshi (Arabic: حَمْزَة إبْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, romanized: Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib; c. 568–625) was a foster brother, paternal uncle, maternal second-cousin, and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Hamza embraced Islam around 616 CE following an altercation with Abu Jahl and soon became one of Muhammad’s strongest supporters. He took part in early expeditions, notably fighting at the Battle of Badr, and was killed in the Battle of Uhud in 625 CE. His death was widely mourned, and Islamic tradition honors him as Asadullah (lit. 'Lion of God') and the "leader of the martyrs".