Abdullah II of Jordan in the context of "Prince Hassan bin Talal"

The Jaʿfarī school, also known as the Jafarite school, Jaʿfarī fiqh (Arabic: الفقه الجعفري) or Ja'fari jurisprudence, is a prominent school of jurisprudence (fiqh) within Twelver and Ismaili (including Nizari) Shia Islam, named after the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq. In Iran, Jaʽfari jurisprudence is enshrined in the constitution, shaping various aspects of governance, legislation, and judiciary in the country. In Lebanon, this school of jurispudence is also accounted for in the legal system of the country and Shia Muslims can call upon it for their legal disputes.

It differs from the predominant madhhabs of Sunni jurisprudence in its reliance on ijtihad, as well as on matters of inheritance, religious taxes, commerce, personal status, and the allowing of temporary marriage or mutʿa. Since 1959, Jaʿfari jurisprudence has been afforded the status of "fifth school" along with the four Sunni schools by Azhar University. In addition, it is one of the eight recognized madhhabs listed in the Amman Message of 2004 by King Abdullah II of Jordan, and since endorsed by Sadiq al-Mahdi, former Prime Minister of Sudan.

The Amman Message (Arabic: رسالة عمان, romanized: Risālat ʿAmmān) is a statement calling for tolerance and unity in the Muslim world that was issued on 9 November 2004 (27 Ramadan 1425 AH) by King Abdullah II of Jordan, and his advisor Sheikh Izz-Eddine Al-Tamimi. The message aims to "clarify to the modern world the true nature of Islam and the nature of true Islam," and to specify which actions do and do not represent the religion.

A three-point ruling was issued by 200 Islamic scholars from over 50 countries, focusing on issues of defining who is a Muslim, excommunication from Islam (takfir), and principles related to delivering religious opinions (fatāwa). The message received substantial support from the royal family of Jordan and the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, which was set up for the purpose of its promotion. Through its website, the Amman Message is accessible in English and Arabic.

Princess Muna Al Hussein (Arabic: منى الحسين, born Toni Avril Gardiner 25 April 1941) is the mother of Abdullah II of Jordan. She was the second wife of King Hussein; the couple divorced on 21 December 1972. She is British by birth.

The Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005 was a high-profile diplomatic meeting between Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian National Authority. Hosted in the Egyptian city of Sharm El Sheikh on 8 February 2005, it was organized in an effort to end the Second Intifada, which had resulted in the deaths of over 3,000 Palestinians and over 1,000 Israelis since it began in September 2000. The four leaders in attendance were Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon, Jordanian king Abdullah II, and Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas. Abbas had recently succeeded Yasser Arafat, who died in November 2004, as the President of the Palestinian National Authority.

Sharon and Abbas explicitly undertook to cease all violence against each other's peoples and affirmed their commitment to the roadmap for peace, which had been proposed by the Middle East Quartet. Sharon also agreed to release 900 of the 7,500 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli custody at the time, and to withdraw from occupied West Bank towns.