The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement was an armistice agreement that ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. It was signed on 9 November by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan and the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, and ended all hostilities in the Nagorno-Karabakh region from 00:00, on 10 November 2020 Moscow time. The president of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to an end of hostilities.
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👉 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh
In the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, peacekeeping operations were initiated by Russia in the Nagorno-Karabakh region to monitor the ceasefire between the Armenian and Azerbaijani forces. Separate from the Russian operation, Turkey also has personnel working in a joint Russian–Turkish monitoring centre.
After the war, in accordance to the ceasefire agreement signed on 10 November 2020, Russia sent a peacekeeping contingent of 1,960 servicemen, provided by the 15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade of the Russian Ground Forces, and led by Lieutenant General Rustam Muradov, to the region. The peacekeeping forces, headquartered near Stepanakert, established observation posts along the contact line in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the Lachin corridor. The Russian peacekeeping forces started to assist the International Committee of the Red Cross on finding and exchanging the bodies of the fallen soldiers from both sides in November, and the Russian peacekeepers later started demining operations in the region.
In this Dossier
- ⭐ Core Definition: 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement
- 👉 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh
- 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
- 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of Lachin corridor
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
On 19 and 20 September 2023, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale military offensive against the self-declared breakaway state of Artsakh, violating the ceasefire agreement signed in the aftermath of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020. The offensive took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which is de jure a part of Azerbaijan, and was a de facto independent republic. The stated goal of the offensive was the complete disarmament and unconditional surrender of Artsakh, as well as the withdrawal of all ethnic Armenian soldiers present in the region. The offensive occurred in the midst of an escalating crisis caused by Azerbaijan's 10-month-long blockade of Artsakh, which resulted in significant scarcities of essential supplies such as food, medicine, and other goods.
One day after the offensive started on 20 September, a ceasefire agreement described as a written agreement for the surrender of Artsakh was reached at the mediation of the Russian peacekeeping contingent where it was agreed that the Artsakh Defence Army would be disarmed. Ceasefire violations by Azerbaijan were nonetheless reported by both Artsakhi residents and officials until early October. On 28 September, the president of Artsakh, Samvel Shahramanyan signed a decree to dissolve all state institutions by 1 January 2024, bringing the existence of the breakaway state to an end.
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement in the context of Lachin corridor
The Lachin corridor (Azerbaijani: Laçın dəhlizi, Armenian: Բերձորի միջանցք, Berdzori mijantsk) is a mountain road in Azerbaijan linking Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
Being the only road between these two territories, it was considered a humanitarian corridor or lifeline to the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until Armenia secured the Lachin corridor in 1992, the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh were entirely isolated, relying solely on their own limited resources and aid flown in from Armenia. At that time, humanitarian aid from the Red Cross, the UN, and France were blocked by Azerbaijani authorities.