Ostrołęka (Polish: [ɔstrɔˈwɛŋka] ; Yiddish: אסטראלענקע, romanized: Ostrolenka) is a small city in northeastern Poland on the Narew river, about 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Warsaw, with a population of 51,012 (2021) and an area of 33.46 square kilometres (12.92 sq mi). It is the capital of both Ostrołęka County and Ostrołęka City County in the Masovian Voivodeship.
Ostrołęka was founded as a medieval stronghold that grew into an important royal city in northern Mazovia, which prospered from crafts and trade. The city was the site of several battles and skirmishes throught history. Until the late 1980s, Ostrołęka was a local railroad junction, with four lines stemming from Ostrołęka railway station: eastwards to Łapy and Białystok, southwestwards to Tłuszcz and Warsaw, northwards to Wielbark and Olsztyn, and southwards to Małkinia. Ostrołęka is a local centre of culture and light industry. The Ostrołęka Power Station is located in Ostrołęka.