İsmail Hakkı Tonguç (1893–1960) was a teacher and director for primary education in the Ministry of National Education of Turkey. He is considered to have deeply influenced the education program during the single party era and the Village Institutes, which trained teachers.
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👉 İsmail Hakkı Tonguç in the context of The Six Arrows
The Six Arrows (Turkish: Altı Ok) is the symbol and flag of the Turkish Republican People's Party (CHP). The arrows represent the fundamental pillars of Kemalism, Turkey's founding ideology. These are republicanism, populism, nationalism, laicism, statism, and reformism. The arrows are believed to have been conceived by İsmail Hakkı Tonguç, a Turkish scientist who made significant contributions to the Turkish education system. The principles of the Six Arrows were added to the Turkish Constitution on 5 February 1937. From August 1938 the flag was hoisted at all official buildings.