Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial in the context of "Établissement public à caractère administratif"

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⭐ Core Definition: Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial

An établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial (French pronunciation: [etablismɑ̃ pyblik a kaʁaktɛʁ ɛ̃dystʁijɛl e kɔmɛʁsjal], EPIC; lit.'public institution of an industrial and commercial nature') is, in France, a category of public undertaking. It includes state-controlled entities of an industrial or commercial nature, including some research institutes and infrastructure operators. Some former French colonies, such as Algeria, Burkina Faso and Mauritania also use this term for such agencies.

EPICs were first recognized as a specific form of public agencies by the Court of Arbitration's (French: Tribunal des conflits) case law in 1921. In accordance with Article 34 of the French Constitution, they can only be created by a law. Not every company whose capital is held by the state or a state-owned entity is an EPIC. An EPIC is under special laws which do not apply to enterprises under private company law, even if the capital of those companies is held by the state.

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👉 Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial in the context of Établissement public à caractère administratif

An établissement public à caractère administratif (French pronunciation: [etablismɑ̃ pyblik a kaʁaktɛʁ administʁatif], lit.'public establishment of an administrative nature'; EPA) is, in France, a public law legal person with a certain administrative and financial autonomy to fulfil a mission of public interest (that is not industrial or commercial in nature) under the control of the State or a local authority.

It is a category of public undertaking in France, and includes some research institutes and infrastructure operators. As opposed to the Établissements publics à caractère industriel et commercial, which are subject to private law, EPAs are mainly governed by public law. This legal distinction is recognised by the French precedent.

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Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial in the context of RATP Group

The RATP Group (French: Groupe RATP) is a French state-owned enterprise (EPIC) that operates public transport systems primarily in Paris, France, with growing presence internationally. Headquartered in Paris, it originally operated under the name Régie autonome des transports parisiens (English: Parisian Autonomous Transport Administration, lit.'Autonomous Management of Parisian Transportation'). Its logo represents the Seine's meandering path through the Paris Region stylised as the face of a person looking up.

Describing itself as the third largest actor in public transport worldwide, in 2024, RATP Group consolidates a total revenue of 7.1 billion euros, employs over 73,500 people, and provides for over 4 billion passenger journeys annually.

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Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial in the context of Comédie-Française

The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.

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