Maiolica in the context of "Faience"

⭐ In the context of faience, Italian tin-glazed earthenware is specifically known as…




⭐ Core Definition: Maiolica

Maiolica /mˈɒlɪkə/ is tin-glazed pottery decorated in colours on a white background. The most renowned maiolica is from the Renaissance period. These works were known as istoriato wares ("painted with stories") when depicting historical and mythical scenes. Its origins date from painted Hispano-Moresque ware from Spain, developing the styles of Al-Andalus. By the late 15th century, multiple locations were producing sophisticated pieces for a luxury market. In Italy, the production arose in the northern and central regions. In France, maiolica developed as faience, in the Netherlands and England as delftware, and in Spain as talavera. In English, the spelling was anglicised to majolica (/mˈɒlɪkə/).

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👉 Maiolica in the context of Faience

Faience or faïence (/fˈɑːns, fˈ-, -ˈɒ̃s/; French: [fajɑ̃s] ) is the general English language term for fine tin-glazed pottery. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major advance in the history of pottery. The invention seems to have been made in Iran or the Middle East before the ninth century. A kiln capable of producing temperatures exceeding 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) was required to achieve this result, after millennia of refined pottery-making traditions. The term is now used for a wide variety of pottery from several parts of the world, including many types of European painted wares, often produced as cheaper versions of porcelain styles.

English generally uses various other terms for well-known sub-types of faience. Italian tin-glazed earthenware, at least the early forms, is called maiolica in English, Dutch wares are called Delftware, and their English equivalents English delftware, leaving "faience" as the normal term in English for French, German, Spanish, Portuguese wares and those of other countries not mentioned (it is also the usual French term, and fayence in German). The name faience is simply the French name for Faenza, in the Romagna near Ravenna, Italy, where a painted majolica ware on a clean, opaque pure-white ground, was produced for export as early as the fifteenth century.

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Maiolica in the context of Le Nove porcelain

Le Nove porcelain was made in the 18th century in the town now called Nove, near Bassano, then in the Republic of Venice's mainland territories, the terrafirma. It was made at a factory owned by Pasquale Antonibon, who was already making fine maiolica in fashionable styles, which continued to be made alongside the porcelain. Production of porcelain began in 1762 and ended when Antonibon died in 1773. But it resumed in 1781, when Francisco Parolin (or Parolini) leased the factory for twenty years in a partnership with the Antonibons, known as the "Parolin period". This lasted until 1802. Production of porcelain continued intermittently until 1835.

Initially soft-paste porcelain was made, but some hard-paste porcelain from about 1765, though soft-paste pieces are still assigned dates after this. Some of the factory's products are also classified as terraglia, the Italian version of Staffordshire creamware, a fine earthenware. The production was generally similar to that of the Cozzi porcelain factory in Venice itself, and used the same clays, so it can be difficult to distinguish between the two.

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Maiolica in the context of Faenza

Faenza (UK: /fɑːˈɛntsə/, US: /fɑːˈɛnzə/; Italian: [faˈɛntsa]; Romagnol: Fènza or Fẽza; Latin: Faventia) is an Italian comune with 58,746 inhabitants in the Province of Ravenna in Emilia-Romagna. The city is historically renowned for its production of artistic ceramics, to the extent that maiolica, due to the fame of local craftsmanship, is known worldwide as faience.

Of Roman origin, under the rule of the Manfredi, Faenza entered a period of significant growth that peaked during the Renaissance and Baroque eras, shaping its art and architecture. Due to its vibrant artistic and cultural activity, between the 18th and 19th centuries, it became a prominent center of Neoclassicism in Italy and Europe, with the finest example today being the National Museum of Palazzo Milzetti.

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Maiolica in the context of Tin-glazed pottery

Tin-glazed pottery is earthenware covered in lead glaze with added tin oxide which is white, shiny and opaque (see tin-glazing for the chemistry); usually this provides a background for brightly painted decoration. It has been important in Islamic and European pottery, but very little used in East Asia. The pottery body is usually made of red or buff-colored earthenware and the white glaze imitated Chinese porcelain. The decoration on tin-glazed pottery is usually applied to the unfired glaze surface by brush with metallic oxides, commonly cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese dioxide and antimony oxide. The makers of Italian tin-glazed pottery from the late Renaissance blended oxides to produce detailed and realistic polychrome paintings.

The earliest tin-glazed pottery appears to have been made in Iraq in the 9th century, the oldest fragments having been excavated during the First World War from the palace of Samarra about fifty miles north of Baghdad. From there it spread to Egypt, Persia and Spain before reaching Italy in mid-15th century, early Renaissance, Holland in the 16th century and England, France and other European countries shortly after.

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Maiolica in the context of Ambrosia

In the ancient Greek myths, ambrosia (/æmˈbrziə, -ʒə/, Ancient Greek: ἀμβροσία 'immortality') is the food or drink of the Greek gods, and is often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus by doves and served either by Hebe or by Ganymede at the heavenly feast.

Ancient art sometimes depicted ambrosia as distributed by the nymph named Ambrosia, a nurse of Dionysus.

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Maiolica in the context of Albarello

An albarello (a name of Italian descent meaning "cell", plural: albarelli) is also known as a "majolica drug jar" because of the type of tin glaze used, known as Majolica (also known as maiolica). This cylindrical storage unit or maiolica earthenware jar is used for a plethora of purposes, most commonly for drug storage as a medicinal jar. The jar was also used for other purposes such as storing dried fruit, herbs, balms, and apothecaries' ointments and dry drugs.

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Maiolica in the context of Tin-glazing

Tin-glazing is the process of giving tin-glazed pottery items a ceramic glaze that is white, glossy and opaque, which is normally applied to red or buff earthenware. Tin-glaze is plain lead glaze with a small amount of tin oxide added. The opacity and whiteness of tin glaze encourage its frequent decoration. Historically this has mostly been done before the single firing, when the colours blend into the glaze, but since the 17th century also using overglaze enamels, with a light second firing, allowing a wider range of colours. Majolica, maiolica, delftware and faience are among the terms used for common types of tin-glazed pottery.

An alternative is lead-glazing, where the basic glaze is transparent; some types of pottery use both. However, when pieces are glazed only with lead, the glaze becomes fluid during firing, and may run or pool. Colours painted on the glaze may also run or blur. Tin-glazing avoids these problems.

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