Φ in the context of "Alphabets of Asia Minor"

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⭐ Core Definition: Φ

Phi (/ˈfaɪ, ˈfiː/ FY, FEE; uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ pheî [pʰéî̯]; Modern Greek: φι fi [fi]) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet.

In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ([pʰ]), which was the origin of its usual romanization as ⟨ph⟩. During the later part of Classical Antiquity, in Koine Greek (c. 4th century BC to 4th century AD), its pronunciation shifted to a voiceless bilabial fricative ([ɸ]), and by the Byzantine Greek period (c. 4th century AD to 15th century AD) it developed its modern pronunciation as a voiceless labiodental fricative ([f]).The romanization of the Modern Greek phoneme is therefore usually ⟨f⟩.

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Φ in the context of Alphabets of Anatolia

Various alphabetic writing systems were in use in Iron Age Anatolia to record Anatolian languages and Phrygian. Several of these languages had previously been written with logographic and syllabic scripts.

The alphabets of Asia Minor proper share characteristics that distinguish them from the earliest attested forms of the Greek alphabet. Many letters in these alphabets resemble Greek letters but have unrelated readings, most extensively in the case of Carian. The Phrygian and Lemnian alphabets by contrast were early adaptations of regional variants of the Greek alphabet; the earliest Phrygian inscriptions are contemporary with early Greek inscriptions, but contain Greek innovations such as the letters Φ and Ψ which did not exist in the earliest forms of the Greek alphabet.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Alphabets of Anatolia ← Alphabets of Asia Minor
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Ancient Greek language → Modern Greek → Greek alphabet → Archaic Greek → Classical Greek → Aspiration (phonetics) → Voiceless bilabial plosive → Romanization of Greek → Classical Antiquity → Koine Greek → Voiceless bilabial fricative → Byzantine Greek → Voiceless labiodental fricative → Romanization of Greek →