Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Three Bards


Within the collective known as the Three Bards – Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński – Zygmunt Krasiński is distinguished as the least influential of the three national poets of Polish Romantic literature, despite all three contributing to Polish national sentiment through their works following the partitions of Poland.

⭐ In the context of the Three Bards, Zygmunt Krasiński is considered…

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⭐ Core Definition: Zygmunt Krasiński

Count Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks Zygmunt Krasiński (Polish: [ˈzɨɡmunt kraˈɕij̃skʲi]; 19 February 1812 – 23 February 1859) was a Polish poet traditionally ranked after Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki as one of Poland's Three Bards – the Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness in the period of Partitions of Poland.

Krasiński was the most famous member of the noble Krasiński family. He was born in Paris to Count Wincenty Krasiński and Princess Maria Urszula Radziwiłł, a member of the aristocratic Radziwiłł family, and became the close companion of his father after his mother's early death from tuberculosis. He was educated by tutors prior to attending the Warsaw Lyceum, where he graduated in 1827. He then started to study law and administration at the Royal University of Warsaw, but was expelled from the university in 1829.

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In the context of the Three Bards, Zygmunt Krasiński is considered…
HINT: Among Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński, Krasiński’s work was considered the least impactful in shaping Polish Romantic literature and national sentiment.

👉 Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Three Bards

The Three Bards (Polish: trzej wieszcze, IPA: [ˈtʂɛj ˈvjɛʂt͡ʂɛ]) are the national poets of Polish Romantic literature. The term is almost exclusively used to denote Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859). Of the three, Mickiewicz is considered the most influential and Krasiński the least.

The Three Bards were thought not only to voice Polish national sentiments but to foresee their nation's future. They lived and worked in exile following the partitions of Poland, which had ended the existence of the independent Polish state. Their tragic poetical plays and epic poetry, written in the aftermath of the 1830 Uprising against Russian rule, revolved around the Polish struggle for independence from the three occupying foreign empires.

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Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Aleksander Jełowicki

Aleksander Jełowicki (18 December 1804 in Hubnyk - 15 April 1877 in Rome) was a Polish writer, poet, translator and publisher. He was a veteran of the November Uprising, deputy to the Sejm of Congress Poland for the Haisyn powiat and political exile in France, where he was a social activist, superior of the Polish Catholic Mission in Paris and monk.

Among the works he published are the first editions of Adam Mickiewicz's Part III of Dziady (1832) and Pan Tadeusz (1834). Between 1835 and 1838 he was leading partner of the publishing house and printing works, Jełowicki i S-ka in Paris. His list of authors constitutes a major part of Poland's 19th-century literary canon and includes: Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Kazimierz Brodziński, Stefan Witwicki, Wincenty Pol, Antoni Gorecki, Maurycy Mochnacki, Joachim Lelewel, Henryk Rzewuski, Michał Czajkowski, Klementyna Hoffmanowa, Ignacy Krasicki.

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Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Arnold Szyfman

Arnold Szyfman (23 November 1882 in Ulanów – 11 January 1967 in Warsaw) was a Polish theatre director and stage director of Jewish origin. Founder of the Polish Theatre in Warsaw. He supervised the construction of Teatr Polski in Warsaw which opened in 1913 with Zygmunt Krasiński's Irydion. One of the most beautiful playhouses in Europe, it was equipped with a revolving stage and up-to-date lighting, and was under Szyfman's management from 1913 to 1939, except for his two-year internment in Russia in the First World War. Following his hiding during the next war, In July 1945, he took up the position of director of the Polish Theater, stepping down from the position of director of the Theater Department at the Ministry of Culture and Art was fired by the communist authorities in 1949 and returned for a final time from 1955 to 1957. He was also the manager of other Warsaw theatres and companies. At the Polish Theatre, he employed the best artists and directed numerous productions himself, including 22 Shakespeare plays. He was involved in the restoration of the Grand Theatre building in Warsaw.

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Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Krasiński family

The House of Krasiński (plural: Krasińscy) is an old Polish noble family, whose members held the title of Count in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, granted to them on 29 June 1856 by Franz Joseph I. The name is derived from the village of Krasne in Masovia. The family traces its origins to the 14th century. Its members have been landowners and politically active in Masovia, Lithuania, and Galicia, now in Poland. The Krasiński family has produced officers, politicians (including voivodes of Poland and members of the Senate of Poland), and bishops. One of the most renowned members of the Krasiński family is the 19th-century poet Zygmunt Krasiński, one of Poland's Three Bards.

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Zygmunt Krasiński in the context of Wincenty Krasiński

Count Wincenty Krasiński (5 April 1782 – 24 November 1858) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), political activist and military leader.

He was the father of Zygmunt Krasiński, one of Poland's Three Bards—Poland's greatest romantic poets.

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