WISE 0855−0714 (full designation WISE J085510.83−071442.5, or W0855 for short) is a sub-brown dwarf of spectral class Y4, located 7.4 light-years (2.3 parsecs) from the Sun in the constellation Hydra. It is the fourth-closest star or (sub-) brown dwarf system to the Sun and was discovered by Kevin Luhman in 2013 using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). It is the coldest brown dwarf found yet, having a temperature of about 285 K (12 °C; 53 °F). It has an estimated mass between 3 and 10 Jupiter masses, which makes it a planetary-mass object below the 13 Jupiter mass rough limit for deuterium fusion.
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In this Dossier
WISE 0855−0714 in the context of List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
This list covers all known stars, white dwarfs, brown dwarfs, and sub-brown dwarfs/rogue planets within 20 light-years (6.13 parsecs) of the Sun. So far, 131 such objects have been found. Only 22 are bright enough to be visible without a telescope, for which the star's visible light needs to reach or exceed the dimmest brightness visible to the naked eye from Earth, which is typically around 6.5 apparent magnitude.
The known 131 objects are bound in 94 stellar systems. Of those, 103 are main sequence stars: 80 red dwarfs and 23 "typical" stars having greater mass. Additionally, astronomers have found 6 white dwarfs (stars that have exhausted all fusible hydrogen), 21 brown dwarfs, as well as 1 sub-brown dwarf, WISE 0855−0714 (possibly a rogue planet). The closest system is Alpha Centauri, with Proxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth. The brightest, most massive and most luminous object among those 131 is Sirius A, which is also the brightest star in Earth's night sky; its white dwarf companion Sirius B is the hottest object among them. The largest object within the 20 light-years is Procyon.