Underground mining in the context of "Ijen"

Play Trivia Questions online!

 or

Skip to study material about Underground mining in the context of "Ijen"
Ad spacer

⭐ Core Definition: Underground mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. The ore must be a rock or mineral that contains a valuable constituent, can be extracted or mined and sold for profit. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation or restoration of the land after the mine is closed. Mining materials are often obtained from ore bodies, lodes, veins, seams, reefs, or placer deposits. The exploitation of these deposits for raw materials is dependent on investment, labor, energy, refining, and transportation cost.

↓ Menu

>>>PUT SHARE BUTTONS HERE<<<
In this Dossier

Underground mining in the context of Hoist (mining)

In underground mining a hoist or winder is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft. Modern hoists are normally powered using electric motors, historically with direct current drives utilizing Ward Leonard control machines and later solid-state converters (thyristors), although modern large hoists use alternating current drives that are variable frequency controlled. There are three principal types of hoists used in mining applications:

↑ Return to Menu

Underground mining in the context of Surface mining

Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.

In North America, where the majority of surface coal mining occurs, this method began to be used in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world in the mining of many different minerals. In North America, surface mining gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.

↑ Return to Menu
LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Hoist (mining) ← Surface mining ← Mine hoist ← Strip mine
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Sulfur → Deposition (geology) → Ijen → Resource extraction → Earth → Agriculture → Chemical synthesis → Laboratory → Ore → Metal → Coal → Oil shale → Gemstone → Limestone → Chalk mining → Dimension stone → Rock salt → Potash → Gravel → Clay → Mineral → Non-renewable resource → Petroleum → Natural gas → Fossil water → Prospecting → Mine reclamation → Lode → Vein (geology) → Coal mining → Quartz reef mining → Placer deposit → Raw material →