Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn in the context of Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi

Tone patterns (Chinese: 平仄; pinyin: píngzè; Jyutping: ping4 zak1; Tâi-lô: piânn-ceh) are common constraints in classical Chinese poetry.

The four tones of Middle Chinese—level (平), rising (上), departing (去), and entering (入) tones—are categorized into level (平) tones and oblique (仄) tones. Tones that are not level are oblique. When tone patterns are used in poetry, the pattern in which level and oblique tones occur in one line is often the inverse of that of the line next to it. For example, in the poem 春望 (pinyin: chūn wàng, Spring View) by Du Fu, the tone pattern of the first line is 仄仄平平仄, while that of the second line is 平平仄仄平:

Tamsui District (Chinese: 淡水; pinyin: Dànshuǐ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi; Tâi-lô: Tām-tsuí) is a seaside district in New Taipei City, Taiwan adjacent to the Tamsui River and overlooking the Taiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 205,706), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese history and culture.

The Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi (Chinese: 臺灣台語常用詞辭典; Tâi-lô: Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Siông-iōng-sû Sû-tián) is a dictionary of Taiwanese Hokkien (also known as Taigi, including Written Hokkien) commissioned by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. As of 2023, the dictionary included 25,000 entries, which includes 3,000 monosyllabic characters and 2,000 appendix entries, and more than 4,000 words common to Taiwanese and Chinese.

In September 2000, initial plans to commission the dictionary were put forth by the National Languages Committee of the Ministry of Education. In July 2001, the Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan Editorial Committee (Chinese: 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典編輯小組; Tâi-lô: Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Siông-iōng Sû-sî-tián Phian-tsip Sió-tsoo) was established.

Nan'an (Chinese: 南安; pinyin: Nán'ān; Tâi-lô: Lâm-uann; lit. 'southern peace') is a county-level city of southern Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Quanzhou City and as of 2023, had a total population of 1,663,542. More than 4,000,000 overseas Chinese trace their ancestry to Nan'an.

Penang Hokkien (Chinese: 庇能福建話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pī-né͘ng Hok-kiàn-ōa; Tâi-lô: Pī-néeng Hok-kiàn-uā; IPA: /pi˨˩nɛŋ˦˥ hɔk̚˦kiɛn˥˧ua˨˩/) is a local variant of Hokkien spoken in Penang, Malaysia. It is spoken natively by 63.9% of Penang's Chinese community, and also by some Penangite Indians and Penangite Malays.

It was once the lingua franca among the majority Chinese population in Penang, Kedah, Perlis and northern Perak. However, since the 1980s, many younger speakers have shifted towards Malaysian Mandarin under the Speak Mandarin Campaign in Chinese-medium schools in Malaysia, even though Mandarin was not previously spoken in these regions. Mandarin has been adopted as the only language of instruction in Chinese schools and, from the 1980s to mid-2010s, these schools penalised students and teachers for using non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. A 2021 study found that Penang Hokkien was a 'threatened' language in the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale, due to the encroachment of Mandarin.