Suramadu Bridge in the context of "Cable-stayed bridge"

East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur, Javanese: ꦙꦮꦶꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀, romanized: Jawi Wétan, Madurese: Jhâbâ Tèmor) is a province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by around 2.29 kilometres (1.42 mi). Located in eastern Java, the province also includes the island of Madura (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge), as well as the Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea) and the Masalembu archipelago to the north. Its capital is Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia, a major industrial center and also a major business center. Banyuwangi is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java.

The province covers a land area of 48,036.84 square kilometres (18,547.13 sq mi), and according to the 2010 Census, there were 37,476,757 people residing there, making it Indonesia's second-most-populous province; the 2020 Census showed an increase to 40,665,696 people, while the official estimate for mid 2024 was 41,914,499 (comprising 20,848,660 males and 20,965,880 females). Almost a quarter of the population lives inside the Greater Surabaya metropolitan area. East Java is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, such as the Javanese, Madurese and Chinese. Most of the people in East Java adhere to Islam, forming around 94% of the total population. Other religions are also practiced, such as Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism which are mostly practised by Tionghoa people and immigrants from Eastern Indonesia and North Sumatra, and also Hinduism which are practised by the Tenggerese people in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and the Balinese people inhabiting the easternmost part of the province bordering Bali as well as the dominant minority Indian Indonesians in Surabaya city.

Madura Strait is a stretch of water that separates the Indonesian islands of Java and Madura, in the province of East Java. The islands of Kambing, Giliraja, Genteng, and Ketapang lie in the Strait. The Suramadu Bridge, the longest in Indonesia, spans the strait between Surabaya on Java and Bangkalan on Madura.

In some old Western and old Indonesian sources, the strait commonly appears as Surabaya Strait (Indonesian: Selat Surabaya), but this name is not accepted in the official cartography.

Bangkalan Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bangkalan; Madurese: Kabhupatèn Bhângkalan; Pegon: بٓڠكالان‎; Carakan: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦧꦁꦏꦭꦤ꧀) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) of East Java province in Indonesia. The name Bangkalan comes from the words "bhângka" and "la'an", which mean "already dead" in the Madurese language. The seat of its government is the town of Bangkalan. The regency is located on the west side of Madura Island, bordering Sampang Regency to the east, Java Sea to the north, and Madura Strait to the west and the south sides. It covers an area of 1,260.15 km, and had a population of 906,761 at the 2010 census (an increase from 805,048 at the previous census in 2000) and reached 1,060,377 at the 2020 census; however the official estimate as at mid-2023 showed a decline to 1,047,306, and the mid 2024 estimate showed a further drop to 1,042,031 – comprising 513,154 males and 528,877 females.

In 2009, the Suramadu Bridge was completed, being the first (toll) bridge ever to connect Java and Madura islands. The Suramadu Bridge is the longest in Indonesia. Previously, Kamal port was the main gateway between Madura island and Java, where ferries served the port with the Ujung port near Surabaya, but nowadays people prefer to travel across the toll bridge rather than using ferries, so now only a few ferries serve it in the day time only.