Stanisław Mikołajczyk (Polish: [staˈɲiswav mikɔˈwajt͡ʂɨk] ; 18 July 1901 – 13 December 1966) was a Polish politician. He was a prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile during World War II, and later Deputy Prime Minister in post-war Poland until 1947.
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👉 Stanisław Mikołajczyk in the context of 1946 Polish people's referendum
A three-question referendum was held in Poland on 30 June 1946. Known as the people's referendum (Polish: referendum ludowe) or three times yes referendum (Trzy razy tak, often abbreviated as 3×TAK) it was held as a result of a State National Council order of 27 April 1946. The referendum presented an opportunity for the forces vying for political control of Poland following World War II to test their popularity among the general population. However, the results were forged and the referendum failed to meet democratic standards.
During the referendum campaign, the communists repressed the opposition led by Stanisław Mikołajczyk. Communists censored Polish People's Party (PSL) communications, disrupted PSL meetings, and mass arrested PSL members.
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Stanisław Mikołajczyk in the context of Provisional Government of National Unity
The Provisional Government of National Unity (Polish: Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, TRJN) was a puppet government formed by the decree of the State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa, KRN) on 28 June 1945 as a result of reshuffling the Soviet-backed Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland established by the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) through inclusion of politicians from the close political sphere of Stanisław Mikołajczyk, the former prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile based in London. Inclusion of the latter group provided an excuse for the Western allies to approve tacitly the fait accompli of Poland becoming part of the Soviet sphere of influence, and to legitimise the Warsaw government while withdrawing their recognition of the Polish government-in-exile. The puppet government became known as the "Lublin Committee" or the "Lublin Poles" or the "Lublin Government", and it garnered the recognition of all Allied governments at the time.
Stanisław Mikołajczyk in the context of United People's Party (Poland)
The United People's Party (Polish: Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe, ZSL) was an agrarian socialist political party in the People's Republic of Poland. It was formed on 27 November 1949 from the merger of the pro-Communist Stronnictwo Ludowe party with remnants of the independent Polish People's Party of Stanisław Mikołajczyk.
ZSL became – as intended from its beginning – a satellite party of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), representing the PZPR in the rural areas. It was a member of the Front of National Unity until 1982, and from 1982 it was a member of the Front's successor, the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. To keep up the appearance that Poland was ruled by a coalition, the Marshal of the Sejm (parliamentary speaker) was always a member of the ZSL.