The Eastern Orthodox Church is the most widespread Christian denomination in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second most pervasive religious group in the country, following Islam and followed in turn by Catholicism. Eastern Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina mostly belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church. According to the 2013 census, there were 1,089,658 adherents of Eastern Orthodoxy or the Serbian Orthodox Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina, making up 30.86% of the population.
More than 96% of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of its three autochthonous constituent peoples (Serbo-Croatian: konstitutivni narodi / конститутивни народи): Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. The term constituent refers to the fact that these three ethnic groups are explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and that none of them can be considered a minority or immigrant. The most easily recognisable feature that distinguishes the three ethnic groups is their religion, with Bosniaks predominantly Muslim, Serbs predominantly Eastern Orthodox, and Croats Catholic.
Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs speak the Shtokavian dialect of a pluricentric language known in linguistics as Serbo-Croatian. The question of standard language is resolved in such a way that three constituent peoples have their educational and cultural institutions in the standard varieties, which are considered official languages at sub-state levels: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian.