Semi-nomadic in the context of "Reindeer herders"

Proto-Indo-European society is the reconstructed culture of Proto-Indo-Europeans, the ancient speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages. Historical linguistics combined with archaeological and genetic evidence have provided the current basis for understanding the culture and its people. The most widely accepted theory suggests that the culture emerged on the Pontic-Caspian steppe after 5000 BCE, a period known as the Chalcolithic where smelted copper and stone tools were in use simultaneously. Proto-Indo-European speakers are considered to have been semi-nomadic, but domestication of cattle, first for ritual sacrifice and later for consumption, dairy production, and cereal cultivation emerged as the culture shifted from herding and hunter-gatherer to farming. The social hierarchy included an upper class of priests, warriors and tribe chiefs, and a lower class of commoners and slaves; patrilineality and patriarchy characteristics have been well-established. Trade, bolstered by access to wheeled wagons, connected Proto-Indo-European culture to others with archaeological and linguistic evidence supporting relations with Proto-Uralic peoples, Uruk, and Old European cultures.

The Mentawai (also known as Mantawai, Mentawei and Mentawi) people are the Austronesian people of the Mentawai Islands (principally Siberut, Sipura, North Pagai and South Pagai) about 100 miles from West Sumatra province, Indonesia. They live a semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle in the coastal and rainforest environments of the islands and are also one of the oldest tribes in Indonesia. The Mentawai population is estimated to be about 64,000.

The Mentawai tribe is documented to have migrated from Nias – a northern island – to the Mentawai islands, living in an isolated life for centuries until they encountered the Dutch in 1621. The ancestors of the indigenous Mentawai people are believed to have first migrated to the region somewhere between 2000 and 500 BCE. The Mentawai language belongs to the Austronesian language family. They follow their own animist belief system called Arat Sabulungan, that links the supernatural powers of ancestral spirits to the ecology of the rainforest. When the spirits are not treated well or forgotten, they might bring bad luck like illnesses and haunt those who forgot them. Mentawai also have very strong belief towards objects they think are holy. The people are characterized by their heavy spirituality, body art and their tendency to sharpen their teeth, a cultural practice tied to Mentawai beauty ideals.

The territory of current Honduras was inhabited by two culturally distinct peoples: the cultures of Mesoamerican and nahua influence and the cultures of the intermediate area that had certain influences from Circum-Caribbean and Chibcha groups. Although the Mesoamerican influence was the one that remained as the dominant influence in the territory.

The pre-Columbian past of Honduras is still under study and much of it is still an enigma. But the archaeological remains of organized nomadic and semi-nomadic groups date back at least 11,000 to 12,000 years. Although it is possible that there was human presence in the territory much earlier. Archaeologists have been found dating back to more than a thousand years before Christ with societies already established in the Honduran territory.