Sebri in the context of "Slaves"

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⭐ Core Definition: Sebri

The sebri (Serbian Cyrillic: себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as Dušan's Code (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into:

  • The meropsi (меропси) or merophe (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included zemljanin ("earthen [man]", from zemlja, "land"), Srbljin (from the Serb ethnonym), or zemljani ljudi ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's meropsi is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ.
  • The vlasi (власи) or pastiri (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude and likely prevalence of Vlachs (Romanized remnants; see Vlachs in medieval Serbia) among the shepherds made the term "Vlachs" a synonym for shepherds, similarly as the term Srbljin was sporadically used for farmers. The status of the vlasi was basically equal to the meropsi.
  • The otroci (отроци), a type of medieval slaves. This group was closest to having complete deprivation of rights, similar to slaves (robovi), although this has for long and persistently been disputed in scholarship. The lord could free his otroci from that status, which points to similarity with slave status.
  • The dependent (or rural) craftsmen and sokalnici (сокалници). The craftsmen and sokalnici had a special status, which is unclarified from available sources.
  • Partially also the rural clergy.
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Sebri in the context of Serbian medieval nobility

In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The Serbian nobility (srpska vlastela, srpsko vlastelinstvo or srpsko plemstvo) were roughly grouped into magnates (velikaši or velmože), the upper stratum, and the lesser nobility (vlasteličići). Serbia followed the government model established by the Byzantine Empire.

The nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent sebri, the equivalent of Byzantine paroikoi; peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The nobility was obliged to serve the monarch in war.

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