Ruthenium red in the context of Staining

Ruthenium red in the context of Staining

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⭐ Core Definition: Ruthenium red

The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as ruthenium red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides.

Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with many proteins. These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2, CALHM1) TRPP3, a plant ion channel, Ca-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca uniporter, tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca binding proteins such as calmodulin. Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM). As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in reducing the airway inflammation caused by pepper spray.

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Ruthenium red in the context of Cnidocyte

A cnidocyte (also known as a cnidoblast) is a type of cell containing a large secretory organelle called a cnidocyst, that can deliver a sting to other organisms as a way to subdue prey and defend against predators. A cnidocyte explosively ejects the toxin-containing cnidocyst which is responsible for the stings delivered by a cnidarian. The presence of this cell defines the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes the corals, sea anemones, hydrae, and jellyfish. Cnidocytes are single-use cells that need to be continuously replaced.

View the full Wikipedia page for Cnidocyte
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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Cnidocyte
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Ruthenium → Histology → Staining → Aldehyde → Fixation (histology) → Mucopolysaccharides → CatSper1 → TASK → RyR1 → RyR2 → RyR3 → TRPM6 → TRPM8 → TRPV1 → TRPV2 → TRPV3 → TRPV4 → TRPV5 → TRPV6 → TRPA1 → CALHM1 → TRPP3 → Calcium ATPase → Mitochondrial calcium uniporter → Tubulin → Myosin light-chain phosphatase → Calmodulin → Ryanodine → Calcium → Pepper spray →