Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Brussels Central Station


Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Brussels Central Station

⭐ Core Definition: Royal Library of Belgium

The Royal Library of Belgium (Dutch: Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌbiblijoːˈteːk fɑm ˈbɛlɣijə]; French: Bibliothèque royale de Belgique [biblijɔtɛk ʁwajal bɛlʒik]; German: Königliche Bibliothek Belgiens [ˈkøːnɪklɪçə biblioˈteːk ˈbɛlɡiəns], abbreviated KBR and sometimes nicknamed Albertine in French or Albertina in Dutch) is the national library of Belgium. The institution owns several collections of historical importance, like the Library of the Dukes of Burgundy [nl; fr], and is the depository for all books ever published in Belgium or abroad by Belgian authors.

The library's history goes back to the age of the Dukes of Burgundy in the 15th century. In 1559, King Philip II of Spain founded the Royal Library of the Low Countries at the Palace of Coudenberg. In 1837, the Royal Library of Belgium was formally established. In the second half of the 20th century, the current building was constructed on the Mont des Arts/Kunstberg in central Brussels, near the Central Station.

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Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good

Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good is a presentation miniature believed to have been painted by the Early Netherlandish artist Rogier van der Weyden (or if not actually from his hand then certainly by his workshop to his designs). It decorates the frontispiece to the Chroniques de Hainaut, MS KBR.9242, Jean Wauquelin's French translation of a three-volume history of the County of Hainaut originally written in Latin by the 14th-century Franciscan historian Jacques de Guyse.

The majority, if not all, of the figures (described in the text as "Chevaliers, conseillers, et chambellans") are portraits of historical figures. The decorative border of the presentation miniature includes the arms of the various territories ruled by Philip, which he had considerably expanded, interspersed with his personal emblem of sparks being struck from a flint.

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Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Persecution of Jews during the Black Death

The persecution of Jews during the Black Death consisted of a series of violent mass attacks and massacres. Jewish communities were often blamed for outbreaks of the Black Death in Europe. From 1348 to 1351, acts of violence were committed in Toulon, Barcelona, Erfurt, Basel, Frankfurt, Strasbourg and elsewhere. The persecutions led to a large migration of Jews to Jagiellonian Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There are very few Jewish sources on Jewish massacres during the Plague.

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Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Mont des Arts

The Mont des Arts (French, pronounced [mɔ̃ dez‿aʁ]) or Kunstberg (Dutch, pronounced [ˈkʏnstbɛr(ə)x] ), meaning "Hill/Mount of the Arts", is an urban complex and historic site in central Brussels, Belgium, including the Royal Library of Belgium (KBR), the National Archives of Belgium, Square – Brussels Convention Centre, and a public garden designed by the landscape architect René Pechère.

The Mont des Arts's development began in the late 19th century as part of an urban renewal project initiated by King Leopold II to accommodate the city's cultural institutions. The first version of the site, designed by the landscape architect Pierre Vacherot, was inaugurated in 1910. Between 1956 and 1969, a major redesign was undertaken by the architects Maurice Houyoux and Jules Ghobert, resulting in the current layout.

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Royal Library of Belgium in the context of Chronicles of Hainaut

The Chronicles of Hainaut is an illuminated manuscript in three volumes, tracing the history of the county of Hainaut up to the end of the 14th century. Its text was produced around 1446-1450 by Jean Wauquelin as a French translation of Annales historiae illustrium principum Hannoniæ, a three-volume Latin work produced by Jacques de Guise around 1390-1396. It was made for Philip the Good of Burgundy and is now in the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels.

Its frontispiece is a 1447 miniature by Rogier van der Weyden showing Waquelin kneeling to present the book to Philip. Beside Philip is his thirteen or fourteen year old son Charles the Bold. To the left, the figure in blue is chancellor Nicolas Rolin and the one in red is Jean Chevrot, bishop of Tournai. The group of people to the right are eight members of the Order of the Golden Fleece, founded by Philip in 1430.

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