Resistencia, Chaco in the context of List of cities in Argentina by population

The Paraguay River (Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Río Paraguay in Spanish) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil and Paraguay and forming parts of the Paraguay-Argentina, Brazil-Bolivia, and Brazil-Paraguay borders. It flows about 2,695 kilometres (1,675 mi) from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.

Corrientes (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes] ; Guaraní: Taragui, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Buenos Aires and 300 km (186 mi) from Posadas, on National Route 12. It has a population of 346,334 according to the 2010 Census. It lies opposite its twin city, Resistencia, Chaco.

Corrientes has a mix of colonial and modern architecture, several churches and a number of lapacho, ceibo, jacaranda and orange trees. It is also home to one of Argentina's biggest carnival and chamamé celebrations.

Chaco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃako]; Wichi: To-kós-wet), officially the Province of Chaco (Spanish: provincia del Chaco [pɾoˈβinsja ðel ˈtʃako]) is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina. Its capital and largest city is Resistencia. It is located in the north-east of the country.

It is bordered by Salta and Santiago del Estero to the west, Formosa to the north, Corrientes to the east, and Santa Fe to the south. It also has an international border with the Paraguayan department of Ñeembucú. With an area of 99,633 km (38,469 sq mi) and a population of 1,142,963 as of 2022, it is the twelfth most extensive, and the eleventh most populated, of Argentina's provinces.

The Toba people, also known as the Qom people, are one of the largest Indigenous groups in Argentina who historically inhabited the region known today as the Pampas of the Central Chaco. During the 16th century, the Qom inhabited a large part of what is today northern Argentina, in the current provinces of Salta, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Formosa and the province of Gran Chaco in the southeast of the Department of Tarija in Bolivia (which the Qom have inhabited since the 20th century). Currently, many Toba, due to persecution in their rural ancestral regions, live in the suburbs of San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Salta, Tartagal, Resistencia, Charata, Formosa, Rosario and Santa Fe and in Greater Buenos Aires. Nearly 130,000 people currently identify themselves as Toba or Qom. With more than 120,000 Qom living in Argentina, the Qom community is one of the largest Indigenous communities in the country.

Like most Indigenous groups in South America, the Qom have a long history of conflict and struggle following the arrival of the Spanish. While the Qom incorporated some aspects of European society into their culture, such as horseback riding, violent conflicts were fairly common. The Toba people, in particular, opposed the ideas of Christianity and the systems of forced labor that were imposed upon the Qom during the lives at Jesuit reductions. In some cases, attempts to assimilate the Toba people to Spanish society were accomplished with force and, when met with resistance from the Indigenous group, resulted in massacres such as the Massacre of Napalpí. In more recent history, the Qom have struggled with problems such as poverty, malnutrition, discrimination and tuberculosis due to a lack of support from the community and the inequalities they have endured.

Río Negro (Spanish for "black river") is a river in the Chaco Province in Argentina. It crosses the Chaco National Park and flows southeast. Near its mouth it flows by the cities of Puerto Tirol, Resistencia, and Barranqueras, where it finally reaches Barranqueras River, an arm of the Paraná River.

The river has changed its course over the flatlands several times over the years, leaving wetlands, meanders and lagoons. This took place because of three different factors; frequent droughts, accumulation of sediment, and human-made deviations of the riverbed. Sections of the river are currently contaminated by industrial waste, mainly from the leather tanning industry.