The Puerto Rico representative districts (Spanish: distritos representativos) refers to the electoral districts in which Puerto Rico is divided for the purpose of electing 40 of the 51 members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico (with the other 11 being elected at-large). The island is currently divided into 40 representative districts, each based on a similar number of inhabitants, and comprising one or more precincts—an electoral division divided, in turn, into colleges (Spanish: colegios). A college usually is defined simply by the nearest public school to the voter's declared residence. American citizens (including Puerto Ricans) may vote only in the district in which they have declared their residence, and only for one candidate, for up to one member of the House per district by first-past-the-post. (As well, each voter may cast a vote for the election of an at-large member of the House of Representatives.)
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Puerto Rico representative districts in the context of Municipalities of Puerto Rico
The municipalities of Puerto Rico (Spanish: municipios de Puerto Rico) are second-level administrative divisions defined with geographic boundaries and governmental authority in the archipelago and island of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the U.S. Amounting to 78 incorporated towns and cities equivalent to U.S. counties, two of which are outside the main island, namely the smaller islands of Vieques and Culebra, the municipalities are governed by a popularly elected strong mayor and unicameral legislature. They are subdivided into 902 barrios, third-level divisions controlled by the municipal government. As a jurisdiction under U.S. sovereignty, Puerto Rico does not have first-level administrative units akin to states or provinces.
The municipalities of Puerto Rico operate under the Municipal Code of Puerto Rico (Law. No. 107 of 2020), which superseded the Autonomous Municipalities Act of Puerto Rico (Law No. 81 of 1991), as established by the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico, the governmental body responsible for their organization under Section 1, Article VI of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. Electorally, the municipalities are grouped into eight senatorial districts and forty representative districts, representing roughly equal populations in the Legislative Assembly.
Puerto Rico representative districts in the context of Puerto Rico senatorial districts
The Puerto Rico senatorial districts (Spanish: distritos senatoriales) refers to the electoral districts in which Puerto Rico is divided for the purpose of electing 16 of the 27 members of the Senate of Puerto Rico (with the other 11 being elected at-large). The archipelago is currently divided in eight senatorial districts, each based on a similar number of inhabitants, and comprising one or more representative districts—the electoral districts in which Puerto Rico is divided for the elections of the members of the House of Representatives. American citizens may vote only for the district in which they have declared their residence, and only for up to two senators per district by plurality-at-large.