Protein in nutrition in the context of "Hydrochloric acid"

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⭐ Core Definition: Protein in nutrition

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins have the same energy density as carbohydrates: 17 kJ (4 kcal) per gram. The defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.

Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach into smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the absorption of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.

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Protein in nutrition in the context of Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals derive from food to sustain their metabolism and muscular activity. This is usually measured in joules or calories.

Most animals derive most of their energy from aerobic respiration, namely combining the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins with oxygen from air or dissolved in water. Other smaller components of the diet, such as organic acids, polyols, and ethanol (drinking alcohol) may contribute to the energy input. Some diet components that provide little or no food energy, such as water, minerals, vitamins, cholesterol, and fiber, may still be necessary for health and survival for other reasons. Some organisms have instead anaerobic respiration, which extracts energy from food by reactions that do not require oxygen.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Food energy
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Nutrient → Human body → Tissue (biology) → Fuel → Energy density → Carbohydrate → Joule → Calories → Amino acid → Protein → Polymer → Peptide bonds → Digestion → Stomach → Polypeptide → Hydrochloric acid → Protease → Absorption (small intestine) → Essential amino acid → Biosynthesized →