Progress M-12M (Russian: Прогресс М-12М), identified by NASA as Progress 44P, was an uncrewed Progress spacecraft that was lost in a launch failure on 24 August 2011, at the start of a mission to resupply the International Space Station. It was the twelfth modernised Progress-M spacecraft to be launched. Manufactured by RKK Energia, the spacecraft was to have been operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency.
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In this Dossier
Progress M-12M in the context of Expedition 29
Expedition 29 was the 29th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). The expedition formally began on 16 September 2011, with the departure from the ISS of the Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft. Astronauts Satoshi Furukawa, Michael Fossum and Sergey Volkov, who had arrived at the ISS aboard Soyuz TMA-02M in June 2011, began their Expedition 29 service at this time.
Soyuz TMA-22, which brought the remaining three Expedition 29 crew members to the ISS, was originally scheduled to launch in September 2011, but due to the launch failure of the Progress M-12M resupply vehicle on 24 August, its launch was delayed to 14 November. It docked successfully with the ISS on 16 November 2011.
Progress M-12M in the context of Soyuz TMA-22
Soyuz TMA-22 was a crewed spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS). TMA-22 was the 111th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, and transported three members of the Expedition 29 crew to the ISS. The spacecraft docked to the ISS on 16 November 2011, and remained docked to serve as an emergency escape vehicle until its undocking on 27 April 2012. Soyuz TMA-22 successfully landed in Kazakhstan on 27 April 2012 11:45 GMT.
TMA-22 was the final flight of a Soyuz-TMA vehicle, following the design's replacement by the modernized TMA-M series. The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 was originally scheduled for 30 September 2011, but was delayed until 14 November following the launch failure of the Progress M-12M resupply vehicle on 24 August 2011. Soyuz TMA-22 was the first crewed mission to dock with the ISS since the Retirement of the American Space Shuttle fleet at the end of the STS-135 mission in July 2011.
Progress M-12M in the context of Progress-M
Progress-M (Russian: Прогресс-М, GRAU indices 11F615A55 and 11F615A60), also known as Progress 7K-TGM, is a Russian (formerly Soviet) spacecraft used to resupply space stations. It is a variant of the Progress series, originally developed in the late 1980s as a modernized version of the Progress 7K-TG spacecraft. The Progress-M incorporated new systems derived from the Soyuz-T and Soyuz-TM spacecraft. The 11F615A60 variant introduced further upgrades, including the replacement of analog flight control systems with digital ones.
The first 43 Progress-M spacecraft were used to resupply Mir, with later missions supporting the International Space Station (ISS). A total of 87 Progress-M spacecraft were launched, 67 of the older 11F615A55 model and 30 of the newer 11F615A60 version. One spacecraft, Progress M-12M, was lost in a launch failure in August 2011. Another, M-27M, launched on 28 April 2015 but lost communication and control shortly after reaching orbit and re-entered Earth's atmosphere and burned up.