Pierre Joseph Georges Pigneau (2 November 1741 – 9 October 1799), commonly known as Pigneau de Béhaine (French: [piɲo d(ə) be.ɛn]), also Pierre Pigneaux, Bá Đa Lộc (Pedro" 百多祿), Bách Đa Lộc (伯多祿) and Bi Nhu ("Pigneau" 悲柔), was a French Roman Catholic bishop best known for his role in assisting Nguyễn Ánh (later Emperor Gia Long) to establish the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam after the Tây Sơn rebellion.
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Pierre Pigneau de Behaine in the context of Gia Long
Gia Long (Chữ hán: 嘉隆) (Vietnamese: [zaː lawŋ] (North), [jaː lawŋ] (South); 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh (阮暎), was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last dynasty of Vietnam, which would rule the unified territories that constitute modern-day Vietnam until 1945.
A nephew of the last Nguyễn lord who ruled over south Vietnam, Nguyễn Ánh was forced into hiding in 1777 as a 15-year-old when his family was slain in the Tây Sơn revolt. After several changes of fortune in which his loyalists regained and again lost Saigon, he befriended the French Catholic Bishop Pierre Pigneau de Behaine. Pigneau championed Nguyễn Ánh's cause to regain the throne to the French government and managed to recruit volunteers however, that soon encountered difficulties. From 1789, Nguyễn Ánh was once again in the ascendancy and began his northward march to defeat the Tây Sơn, reaching the border with the Qing dynasty by 1802, which had previously been under the control of the Trịnh lords. Following their defeat, he succeeded in reuniting Vietnam after centuries of internecine feudal warfare, with a greater landmass than ever before, stretching from the Qing's borders down to the Gulf of Siam.
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