Parliament of Egypt in the context of Senate (Egypt)

The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état, and the takeover of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137.The Parliament of Egypt is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The unicameral Parliament has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber became bicameral.

King of Egypt and the Sudan (Arabic: ملك مصر والسودان Malik Miṣr was-Sūdān) was the title used by the Egyptian monarch from 16 October 1951 until the abolition of the monarchy on 18 June 1953. It was replaced by the President of Egypt.

In 1951, the Egyptian Parliament amended the Constitution by Law 176 of 16 October 1951 to provide that the title of the King should be "King of Egypt and the Sudan" instead of "King of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, Sudan, Kordofan, and Darfur". This move came in the wake of Wafdist Prime Minister Nahhas Pasha's decision to unilaterally abrogate the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. The change in King Farouk I's title was intended to further Egypt's claims over the Sudan, which had been an Anglo-Egyptian condominium since 1899.

The Cabinet of Egypt (Egyptian Arabic: مجلس وزراء مصر) is the chief executive body of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It consists of the prime minister and the cabinet ministers.

The government has a leading role in shaping the agenda of the houses of Parliament. It may propose laws to Parliament, as well as amendments during parliamentary meetings. It may make use of some procedures to speed up parliamentary deliberations. The government is responsible only to Parliament, specifically the House of Representatives of Egypt.

Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt from 28 November 2011 to 11 January 2012, following the revolution that ousted President Hosni Mubarak, after which the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) dissolved Parliament. However the dissolution was ruled unconstitutional and Parliament was reinstated. Originally, the elections had been scheduled to be held in September 2011, but were postponed amid concerns that established parties would gain undue advantage.

The elections were proclaimed the first honest national elections of any sort held in Egypt since the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952. However, there were also complaints of irregularities and fraud. The main focus of the newly elected Parliament was to be the selection of the members of a Constituent Assembly.

The House of Representatives is the lower house of Egypt's bicameral parliament, with the Egyptian Senate serving as the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under the Article 101 in Chapter Five of the Egyptian Constitution in enumerated matters to pass or defeat government legislation, approve the general policy of the state, the general plan for economic and social development, and the state’s general budget, and exercise oversight over the actions of the executive authority, all as outlined in the constitution.

Members of the House serve a fixed term of five years, with each seat up for election before the start of the next Congress. Special elections may also occur in the case of a vacancy. The House of Representatives consists of at least 450 members elected by direct, secret, universal suffrage, with voting supervised by members of the judiciary. In addition, the President of the Republic appoints a number of members not exceeding 5%.