Organosulfur chemistry in the context of "Sulfur mustard"

Methanethiol (/ˌmɛθeɪnˈθaɪ.ɒl/ METH-ayn-THY-ol), also called methyl mercaptan, is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula CH₃SH. It is a colorless flammable gas with a distinctive putrid smell. In small amounts, it is pervasive in nature and found in certain foods, such as some nuts and cheese. It contributes to many odors, including the emissions from pulp mills, bad breath, and flatus. Methanethiol is the simplest thiol and is sometimes abbreviated as MeSH.

In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid. Its formula is R−S(=O)₂−O, containing the functional group −S(=O)₂−O, where R is typically an organyl group, amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids. Sulfonates are generally stable in water, non-oxidizing, and colorless. Many useful compounds and even some biochemicals feature sulfonates. Most detergents and surfactants are sulfonates. These include alkylbenzene sulfonates, 𝛼-Olefin sulfonates, and paraffin sulfonates.

In organosulfur chemistry, a mesylate is any salt or ester of methanesulfonic acid (CH₃SO₃H). In salts, the mesylate is present as the CH₃SO−3 anion. When modifying the international nonproprietary name of a pharmaceutical substance containing the group or anion, the spelling used is sometimes mesilate (as in imatinib mesilate, the mesylate salt of imatinib).

Mesylate esters are a group of organic compounds that share a common functional group with the general structure CH₃SO₂O−R, abbreviated MsO−R, where R is an organic substituent. Mesylate is considered a leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions.